,;TEST;BANK;FOR;COGNITIVE;NEUROSCIENCE;THE;BIOLOGY;OF;THE;MIND;;FIFTH;EDITION;BY;MICHAE
L;GAZZANIGA,;RICHARD;B;IVRY,;GEORGE;R;;MANGUN
Chapter;1:;A;Brief;History;of;Cognitive;Neuroscience
LEARNING;OBJECTIVES
1.1 Explain;the;origins;of;the;field;of;cognitive;neuroscience.
1.2 Describe;the;roots;of;the;debate;over;localization;of;function.
1.3 Explain;the;ways;in;which;brain;structure;was;studied.
1.4 Understand;the;philosophical;origins;of;cognitive;psychology.
1.5 Discuss;behaviorism;and;its;principal;tenets.
1.6 Explain;how;and;why;cognitive;psychology;came;to;the;forefront;of;the;psychological;fields.
1.7 Identify;the;different;methods;that;are;used;to;measure;brain;function;and;structure.
MULTIPLE;CHOICE
1. What;term;was;coined;by;Thomas;Willis;as;a;consequence;of;the;case;of;Anne;Green?
a. psychopathology
b. cognition
c. neurology
d. psychosis
ANS:; C DIF: Easy
REF:;1.1;A;Historical;Perspective;OBJ:; 1.1
MSC:; Remembering
2. Aside;from;saving;Anne;Green’s;life,;Thomas;Willis;and;Christopher;Wren;also
a. created;very;accurate;drawings;of;the;brain.
b. came;up;with;the;names;of;a;number;of;brain;structures.
c. took;the;first;steps;that;led;to;cognitive;neuroscience.
d. All;of;the;answer;options;are;correct.
ANS:; D DIF: Medium
REF:;1.1;A;Historical;Perspective;OBJ:; 1.1
MSC:; Understanding
3. Each;of;the;following;are;reasons;why;Willis;is;considered;one;of;the;early;figures;in;cognitive;ne
uroscience;EXCEPT:
a. He;named;many;brain;parts.
b. He;gave;frequent;lectures;on;specific;brain;regions.
c. He;was;among;the;first;to;link;behavioral;deficits;to;brain;damage.
d. He;created;very;accurate;brain;images.
ANS:; B DIF: Medium
REF:;1.1;A;Historical;Perspective;OBJ:; 1.1
MSC:; Remembering
4. While;studying;brain;function,;it;is;often;useful;to;think;of;development;in;terms;of
,;which;is;the;perspective;of .
a. cognition;;cognitive;neuroscience c. blood;flow;;magnetic;resonance;imaging
b. survival;;evolution d.; dysfunction;;psychopathology
ANS:; B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1;A;Historical;Perspective
OBJ:; 1.1 MSC:; Analyzing
, 5. Which;stance;would;most;likely;hold;an;assumption;that;physical;elements;of;the;brain;are;responsible;fo
r;the;conscious;mind?
a. monism c. dualism
b. behaviorism d.; relativism
ANS:; A DIF: Medium REF:; 1.1;A;Historical;Perspective
OBJ:; 1.1 MSC: Analyzing
6. René;Descartes;posited;that;the;mind;was;separate;from;the;body.;However,;he;implicated;a;single;br
ain;structure,;the;pineal;gland,;as;having;what;function?
a. regulating;feelings;and;emotions c. moderating;cognitive;processes
b. connecting;the;mind;and;the;body d.; adjusting;behavior
ANS:; B DIF: Easy
REF:;1.1;A;Historical;Perspective;OBJ:; 1.1
MSC:; Remembering
7. Considering;the;perspective;recommended;for;approaching;cognitive;neuroscience,;which;of;the;f
ollowing;would;best;explain;how;a;cognitive;function;may;have;developed?
a. learning;and;reward c. neurological;dysfunction
b. integration;with;technology d.; hunting;and;gathering
ANS:; D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1;A;Historical;Perspective
OBJ:; 1.1 MSC:; Analyzing
8. A;central;issue;of;modern;cognitive;neuroscience;is;whether;specific;human;cognitive;abilities
a. arise;from;networks;of;brain;areas;working;together.
b. are;determined;by;the;shape;and;size;of;the;human;skull;or;the;brain;beneath.
c. are;best;studied;using;the;scientific;method.
d. can;be;best;identified;using;the;Golgi;silver;method;of;staining;or;fMRI.
ANS:; A DIF: Medium
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Understanding
9. The;discipline;of;phrenology;was;founded;by
a. Broca;and;Wernicke. c. Ramón;y;Cajal;and;Sherrington.
b. Fritsch;and;Hitzig. d.; Gall;and;Spurzheim.
ANS:; D DIF: Easy
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Remembering
10. Phrenologists;believed;that;the;contour;of;the;skull;could;provide;valuable;information;about;an
individual’s;cognitive;capacities;and;personality;traits.;This;approach;was;based;on;the;assumption;that
a. skull;protrusions;are;caused;by;disproportionate;development;of;the;brain;areas;beneath;th
em,;which;are;responsible;for;different;specific;functions.
b. certain;traits;such;as;aggressiveness;lead;to;life;experiences;and;injuries;that;alter;the;sh
ape;of;the;skull;in;specific;ways.
c. life;experiences;and;injuries;that;alter;the;shape;of;the;skull;in;specific;ways;lead;to;certain;tra
its,;such;as;aggressiveness.
d. the;development;of;the;skull;bones;directly;influences;the;configuration;of;the;soft;brain;ar
eas;beneath;them,;which;are;responsible;for;different;specific;functions.
ANS:; A DIF: Difficult
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Evaluating
11. Localizationist;is;to as;holistic;is;to .
a. Wernicke;;Gall c. Flourens;;Broca
, b. Gall;;Flourens d.; Broca;;Wernicke
ANS:; B DIF: Medium
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Understanding
12. Gall’s;method;for;investigating;phrenology;was;flawed;because
a. he;used;the;wrong;language;to;explain;the;characteristics;he;observed.
b. he;did;not;tell;Napoleon;Bonaparte;that;he;possessed;noble;characteristics.
c. he;sought;only;to;confirm,;not;disprove,;the;correlations;he;observed.
d. he;used;his;own;skull;as;the;base;model.
ANS:; C DIF: Easy
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Remembering
13. The;view;known;as;aggregate;field;theory,;which;stated;that;the;whole;brain;participates;in;behavior,;is;
most;associated;with
a. Broca. c. Brodmann.
b. Hughlings;Jackson. d.; Flourens.
ANS:; D DIF: Easy
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Remembering
14. The;key;observation;leading;John;Hughlings;Jackson;to;propose;a;topographical;organization;in;the;ce
rebral;cortex;was;that
a. speech;disturbances;could;be;identified;by;left-hemisphere;lesions.
b. the;two;hemispheres;of;the;brain;served;different;functions.
c. seizures;begin;in;a;localized;region;of;the;cortex.
d. focal;brain;damage;causes;specific;behavioral;deficits.
ANS:; C DIF: Difficult
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Analyzing
15. In;developing;phrenology,;Gall’s;main;failure;was;that
a. he;did;not;seek;disconfirming;evidence.
b. he;was;not;a;scientist.
c. his;method;was;correlational.
d. All;of;the;answer;options;are;correct.
ANS:; D DIF: Difficult
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Analyzing
16. Giovanni;visits;his;local;phrenologist.;What;is;this;person;likely;to;tell;him?
a. You;are;a;domineering;person.
b. Your;father;was;a;very;domineering;person.
c. Your;brother;is;a;domineering;person.
d. Your;mother;was;a;very;domineering;person.
ANS:; A DIF: Medium
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Applying
17. The;view;developed;by;Marie;Jean;Pierre;Flourens,;based;on;the;idea;that;processes;like;language;and;m
emory;cannot;be;localized;within;circumscribed;brain;regions,;was;known;as
a. the;neuron;doctrine. c. rationalism.
b. aggregate;field;theory.
L;GAZZANIGA,;RICHARD;B;IVRY,;GEORGE;R;;MANGUN
Chapter;1:;A;Brief;History;of;Cognitive;Neuroscience
LEARNING;OBJECTIVES
1.1 Explain;the;origins;of;the;field;of;cognitive;neuroscience.
1.2 Describe;the;roots;of;the;debate;over;localization;of;function.
1.3 Explain;the;ways;in;which;brain;structure;was;studied.
1.4 Understand;the;philosophical;origins;of;cognitive;psychology.
1.5 Discuss;behaviorism;and;its;principal;tenets.
1.6 Explain;how;and;why;cognitive;psychology;came;to;the;forefront;of;the;psychological;fields.
1.7 Identify;the;different;methods;that;are;used;to;measure;brain;function;and;structure.
MULTIPLE;CHOICE
1. What;term;was;coined;by;Thomas;Willis;as;a;consequence;of;the;case;of;Anne;Green?
a. psychopathology
b. cognition
c. neurology
d. psychosis
ANS:; C DIF: Easy
REF:;1.1;A;Historical;Perspective;OBJ:; 1.1
MSC:; Remembering
2. Aside;from;saving;Anne;Green’s;life,;Thomas;Willis;and;Christopher;Wren;also
a. created;very;accurate;drawings;of;the;brain.
b. came;up;with;the;names;of;a;number;of;brain;structures.
c. took;the;first;steps;that;led;to;cognitive;neuroscience.
d. All;of;the;answer;options;are;correct.
ANS:; D DIF: Medium
REF:;1.1;A;Historical;Perspective;OBJ:; 1.1
MSC:; Understanding
3. Each;of;the;following;are;reasons;why;Willis;is;considered;one;of;the;early;figures;in;cognitive;ne
uroscience;EXCEPT:
a. He;named;many;brain;parts.
b. He;gave;frequent;lectures;on;specific;brain;regions.
c. He;was;among;the;first;to;link;behavioral;deficits;to;brain;damage.
d. He;created;very;accurate;brain;images.
ANS:; B DIF: Medium
REF:;1.1;A;Historical;Perspective;OBJ:; 1.1
MSC:; Remembering
4. While;studying;brain;function,;it;is;often;useful;to;think;of;development;in;terms;of
,;which;is;the;perspective;of .
a. cognition;;cognitive;neuroscience c. blood;flow;;magnetic;resonance;imaging
b. survival;;evolution d.; dysfunction;;psychopathology
ANS:; B DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1;A;Historical;Perspective
OBJ:; 1.1 MSC:; Analyzing
, 5. Which;stance;would;most;likely;hold;an;assumption;that;physical;elements;of;the;brain;are;responsible;fo
r;the;conscious;mind?
a. monism c. dualism
b. behaviorism d.; relativism
ANS:; A DIF: Medium REF:; 1.1;A;Historical;Perspective
OBJ:; 1.1 MSC: Analyzing
6. René;Descartes;posited;that;the;mind;was;separate;from;the;body.;However,;he;implicated;a;single;br
ain;structure,;the;pineal;gland,;as;having;what;function?
a. regulating;feelings;and;emotions c. moderating;cognitive;processes
b. connecting;the;mind;and;the;body d.; adjusting;behavior
ANS:; B DIF: Easy
REF:;1.1;A;Historical;Perspective;OBJ:; 1.1
MSC:; Remembering
7. Considering;the;perspective;recommended;for;approaching;cognitive;neuroscience,;which;of;the;f
ollowing;would;best;explain;how;a;cognitive;function;may;have;developed?
a. learning;and;reward c. neurological;dysfunction
b. integration;with;technology d.; hunting;and;gathering
ANS:; D DIF: Difficult REF: 1.1;A;Historical;Perspective
OBJ:; 1.1 MSC:; Analyzing
8. A;central;issue;of;modern;cognitive;neuroscience;is;whether;specific;human;cognitive;abilities
a. arise;from;networks;of;brain;areas;working;together.
b. are;determined;by;the;shape;and;size;of;the;human;skull;or;the;brain;beneath.
c. are;best;studied;using;the;scientific;method.
d. can;be;best;identified;using;the;Golgi;silver;method;of;staining;or;fMRI.
ANS:; A DIF: Medium
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Understanding
9. The;discipline;of;phrenology;was;founded;by
a. Broca;and;Wernicke. c. Ramón;y;Cajal;and;Sherrington.
b. Fritsch;and;Hitzig. d.; Gall;and;Spurzheim.
ANS:; D DIF: Easy
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Remembering
10. Phrenologists;believed;that;the;contour;of;the;skull;could;provide;valuable;information;about;an
individual’s;cognitive;capacities;and;personality;traits.;This;approach;was;based;on;the;assumption;that
a. skull;protrusions;are;caused;by;disproportionate;development;of;the;brain;areas;beneath;th
em,;which;are;responsible;for;different;specific;functions.
b. certain;traits;such;as;aggressiveness;lead;to;life;experiences;and;injuries;that;alter;the;sh
ape;of;the;skull;in;specific;ways.
c. life;experiences;and;injuries;that;alter;the;shape;of;the;skull;in;specific;ways;lead;to;certain;tra
its,;such;as;aggressiveness.
d. the;development;of;the;skull;bones;directly;influences;the;configuration;of;the;soft;brain;ar
eas;beneath;them,;which;are;responsible;for;different;specific;functions.
ANS:; A DIF: Difficult
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Evaluating
11. Localizationist;is;to as;holistic;is;to .
a. Wernicke;;Gall c. Flourens;;Broca
, b. Gall;;Flourens d.; Broca;;Wernicke
ANS:; B DIF: Medium
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Understanding
12. Gall’s;method;for;investigating;phrenology;was;flawed;because
a. he;used;the;wrong;language;to;explain;the;characteristics;he;observed.
b. he;did;not;tell;Napoleon;Bonaparte;that;he;possessed;noble;characteristics.
c. he;sought;only;to;confirm,;not;disprove,;the;correlations;he;observed.
d. he;used;his;own;skull;as;the;base;model.
ANS:; C DIF: Easy
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Remembering
13. The;view;known;as;aggregate;field;theory,;which;stated;that;the;whole;brain;participates;in;behavior,;is;
most;associated;with
a. Broca. c. Brodmann.
b. Hughlings;Jackson. d.; Flourens.
ANS:; D DIF: Easy
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Remembering
14. The;key;observation;leading;John;Hughlings;Jackson;to;propose;a;topographical;organization;in;the;ce
rebral;cortex;was;that
a. speech;disturbances;could;be;identified;by;left-hemisphere;lesions.
b. the;two;hemispheres;of;the;brain;served;different;functions.
c. seizures;begin;in;a;localized;region;of;the;cortex.
d. focal;brain;damage;causes;specific;behavioral;deficits.
ANS:; C DIF: Difficult
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Analyzing
15. In;developing;phrenology,;Gall’s;main;failure;was;that
a. he;did;not;seek;disconfirming;evidence.
b. he;was;not;a;scientist.
c. his;method;was;correlational.
d. All;of;the;answer;options;are;correct.
ANS:; D DIF: Difficult
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Analyzing
16. Giovanni;visits;his;local;phrenologist.;What;is;this;person;likely;to;tell;him?
a. You;are;a;domineering;person.
b. Your;father;was;a;very;domineering;person.
c. Your;brother;is;a;domineering;person.
d. Your;mother;was;a;very;domineering;person.
ANS:; A DIF: Medium
REF:;1.2;The;Brain;Story;OBJ:; 1.2
MSC:; Applying
17. The;view;developed;by;Marie;Jean;Pierre;Flourens,;based;on;the;idea;that;processes;like;language;and;m
emory;cannot;be;localized;within;circumscribed;brain;regions,;was;known;as
a. the;neuron;doctrine. c. rationalism.
b. aggregate;field;theory.
