Nanomedicine Exam 2 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS 2024/2025.
UM School of Medicine Researchers Develop Experimental Rapid COVID-19 Test
Using Innovative Nanoparticle Technique - NP used: Gold NP
Methods:
-Nasal swab to collect sample
-Extract RNA from virus
-Placed in solution of sample with gold NPs
-Solution purple --> blue when RNA binds to gold NP
Benefits:
-Quick
-Easy
-Cheap
Silver-Plated Gold Nanostars Detect Early Cancer Biomarkers - NP used: silver-plated
nanostarts
-Act as mirrors that reflect and amplify incoming signals
-Nanostars can be seen with TEM
Purpose: detect miRNA as a sign of esophageal cancer (and potentially other cancers)
Methods:
-Label molecule tethered to DNA strand and nanostar with RNA spacer
-Matching RNA sequence brought near --> RNA spacer stripped away
-DNA tether curls --> label brought near nanostar
-Label emits light (indicates capture of target RNA)
Brown Chemists Create Cancer-Detecting Nanoparticles - NP used: peptide-coated iron
oxide NP
Method:
-NP --> bloodstream --> attach to tumor --> detection with MRI
Benefits:
-NP undetected in bloodstream by immune system
-NP emits strong signal for better detection on MRI
First Genetic-Based Tool to Detect Circulating Cancer Cells in Blood - NP used: gold
NPs
-NPs contain ssDNA "flares" that produce bright signal
Aims:
-Detect mRNA associated with breast cancer
Methods:
-mRNA + recognition sequence --> flare displaced --> signal detected
Benefit:
-Could allow for detection of cancer cells even before metastasis
, Detection, analysis of 'cell dust' may allow diagnosis, monitoring of brain cancer - NP
used: magnetic NP
Aim:
-Detect presence of glioblastoma (brain cancer) using NPs and NMR
-Glioblastoma releases abundant microvesicles --> vesicles labeled with magnetic NP --
> detection with NMR
Benefits:
-Quick
-Simple
-"Instant results"
UGA researchers develop rapid diagnostic test for pathogens, contaminants - NP used:
silver nanorods
Amplify SERS:
-Measures change in light frequency
-Cons: Weak signal, hard to detect with low frequency
Technique: thin layer chromatography
Benefits:
-Not much sample needed to detect pathogens
UGA researchers use gold nanoparticles to diagnose flu in minutes - NP used:
antibody-coated gold NPs
Why use this method?:
-PCR takes too long
-Lateral flow assay not reliable
Methods:
-NP binds flu pathogen
-Laser beam shone on NP --> NP scatters light
-Light scatter = unique fingerprint of NP
What are the main routes of NPs administration into living systems (including humans)?
- Systemic:
-Enteral and Parenteral
Parenteral:
-Bypass the GI tract (liver, intestine) and mucous membranes. Concentration is reduce
before it reaches systemic circulation.
-Injections (Intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, intraperitoneal
-nasal sprays
-Sublingual
-Most commonly used for NPs administration.
Define PK. - -Pharmacokinetics describes the movement (Greek-kinesis) or a drug
(Greek- pharmakon) around the body.
-A.D.M.E.
-Toxicokinetics is pharmacokinetics studies at high doses (toxic?)
-Pharmacodynamics (PD) study of how the drug affects the organisms
WITH ANSWERS 2024/2025.
UM School of Medicine Researchers Develop Experimental Rapid COVID-19 Test
Using Innovative Nanoparticle Technique - NP used: Gold NP
Methods:
-Nasal swab to collect sample
-Extract RNA from virus
-Placed in solution of sample with gold NPs
-Solution purple --> blue when RNA binds to gold NP
Benefits:
-Quick
-Easy
-Cheap
Silver-Plated Gold Nanostars Detect Early Cancer Biomarkers - NP used: silver-plated
nanostarts
-Act as mirrors that reflect and amplify incoming signals
-Nanostars can be seen with TEM
Purpose: detect miRNA as a sign of esophageal cancer (and potentially other cancers)
Methods:
-Label molecule tethered to DNA strand and nanostar with RNA spacer
-Matching RNA sequence brought near --> RNA spacer stripped away
-DNA tether curls --> label brought near nanostar
-Label emits light (indicates capture of target RNA)
Brown Chemists Create Cancer-Detecting Nanoparticles - NP used: peptide-coated iron
oxide NP
Method:
-NP --> bloodstream --> attach to tumor --> detection with MRI
Benefits:
-NP undetected in bloodstream by immune system
-NP emits strong signal for better detection on MRI
First Genetic-Based Tool to Detect Circulating Cancer Cells in Blood - NP used: gold
NPs
-NPs contain ssDNA "flares" that produce bright signal
Aims:
-Detect mRNA associated with breast cancer
Methods:
-mRNA + recognition sequence --> flare displaced --> signal detected
Benefit:
-Could allow for detection of cancer cells even before metastasis
, Detection, analysis of 'cell dust' may allow diagnosis, monitoring of brain cancer - NP
used: magnetic NP
Aim:
-Detect presence of glioblastoma (brain cancer) using NPs and NMR
-Glioblastoma releases abundant microvesicles --> vesicles labeled with magnetic NP --
> detection with NMR
Benefits:
-Quick
-Simple
-"Instant results"
UGA researchers develop rapid diagnostic test for pathogens, contaminants - NP used:
silver nanorods
Amplify SERS:
-Measures change in light frequency
-Cons: Weak signal, hard to detect with low frequency
Technique: thin layer chromatography
Benefits:
-Not much sample needed to detect pathogens
UGA researchers use gold nanoparticles to diagnose flu in minutes - NP used:
antibody-coated gold NPs
Why use this method?:
-PCR takes too long
-Lateral flow assay not reliable
Methods:
-NP binds flu pathogen
-Laser beam shone on NP --> NP scatters light
-Light scatter = unique fingerprint of NP
What are the main routes of NPs administration into living systems (including humans)?
- Systemic:
-Enteral and Parenteral
Parenteral:
-Bypass the GI tract (liver, intestine) and mucous membranes. Concentration is reduce
before it reaches systemic circulation.
-Injections (Intravenous, intramuscular, intradermal, intraperitoneal
-nasal sprays
-Sublingual
-Most commonly used for NPs administration.
Define PK. - -Pharmacokinetics describes the movement (Greek-kinesis) or a drug
(Greek- pharmakon) around the body.
-A.D.M.E.
-Toxicokinetics is pharmacokinetics studies at high doses (toxic?)
-Pharmacodynamics (PD) study of how the drug affects the organisms
