PHA 241 Pharmacology Terms QUESTIONS AND ASNWERS
YEAR 2025.
Are all parasympathetic nerves cholinergic? - ✅✅yes
Are all sympathetic nerves adrenergic? - ✅✅no
Are all adrenergic nerds sympathetic? - ✅✅yes
Are all ganglionic nerves cholinergic? - ✅✅
Do all postganglionic nerves innervate? - ✅✅
1st gen adrenergic blocking drugs - ✅✅propranolol, pindolol, nadolol, timolol
2nd gen adrenergic blocking drugs - ✅✅atenolol, metoprolol, esomolol
3rd gen adrenergic blocking drugs - ✅✅labetalol, carvedilol
Miosis - ✅✅constriction of the pupil
Angina pectoris - ✅✅chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia
O2 demand > O2 supply
treat hypertension with - ✅✅nadolol, metoprolol, etc
treat angina pectoris with - ✅✅metoprolol, etc
treat arrhythima with - ✅✅esmolol
treat HF with - ✅✅carvedilol and other B blockers
treat recurrent myocardial infarction with - ✅✅atenolol, metoprolol
treat glaucoma with - ✅✅timolol, etc.
treat migraine HA with - ✅✅propranolol
treat muscle tremor with - ✅✅propranolol
single innervation - ✅✅blood vessels
skin
metabolism
, Opposing Dual Innervation - ✅✅iris - pupil diameter
SA node - heart rate
urinary bladder - urine excretion
GI tract - motility
Acetylcholine sites of action - ✅✅Neuromuscular junction
Parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia
Parasympathetic neuroeffector jnc -- sweat glands
adrenal medulla
Norepinephrine sites of action - ✅✅most sympathetic neuroeffector jncs
Epi site of action - ✅✅a hormone released from chromatin cells into adrenal gland
location of nicotinic autonomic receptors - ✅✅parasympathetic and sympathetic
ganglia
chromaffin cells (liver)
skeletal muscle
location of muscurinic autonomic receptors - ✅✅effectors innervated by
parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves -- sweat glands
location of A and B autonomic receptors - ✅✅most effectors innervated by
sympathetic nerves
Types of sympathomimetic drugs
Direct acting - ✅✅bind to and activate receptors to produce a response
Types of sympathomimetic drugs
Indirect acting - ✅✅increase endogenous NE to produce a response
Types of sympathomimetic drugs
Mixed acting - ✅✅work like both direct and indirect
Major Adrenergic receptor types - ✅✅A1, A2, B1, B2, B3
Tamsulosin targets - ✅✅receptor A1a
Myrbetriq targets - ✅✅receptor B3
Location of Adrenergic Receptors
Prejunctional - ✅✅A2 and B2
YEAR 2025.
Are all parasympathetic nerves cholinergic? - ✅✅yes
Are all sympathetic nerves adrenergic? - ✅✅no
Are all adrenergic nerds sympathetic? - ✅✅yes
Are all ganglionic nerves cholinergic? - ✅✅
Do all postganglionic nerves innervate? - ✅✅
1st gen adrenergic blocking drugs - ✅✅propranolol, pindolol, nadolol, timolol
2nd gen adrenergic blocking drugs - ✅✅atenolol, metoprolol, esomolol
3rd gen adrenergic blocking drugs - ✅✅labetalol, carvedilol
Miosis - ✅✅constriction of the pupil
Angina pectoris - ✅✅chest pain associated with myocardial ischemia
O2 demand > O2 supply
treat hypertension with - ✅✅nadolol, metoprolol, etc
treat angina pectoris with - ✅✅metoprolol, etc
treat arrhythima with - ✅✅esmolol
treat HF with - ✅✅carvedilol and other B blockers
treat recurrent myocardial infarction with - ✅✅atenolol, metoprolol
treat glaucoma with - ✅✅timolol, etc.
treat migraine HA with - ✅✅propranolol
treat muscle tremor with - ✅✅propranolol
single innervation - ✅✅blood vessels
skin
metabolism
, Opposing Dual Innervation - ✅✅iris - pupil diameter
SA node - heart rate
urinary bladder - urine excretion
GI tract - motility
Acetylcholine sites of action - ✅✅Neuromuscular junction
Parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia
Parasympathetic neuroeffector jnc -- sweat glands
adrenal medulla
Norepinephrine sites of action - ✅✅most sympathetic neuroeffector jncs
Epi site of action - ✅✅a hormone released from chromatin cells into adrenal gland
location of nicotinic autonomic receptors - ✅✅parasympathetic and sympathetic
ganglia
chromaffin cells (liver)
skeletal muscle
location of muscurinic autonomic receptors - ✅✅effectors innervated by
parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves -- sweat glands
location of A and B autonomic receptors - ✅✅most effectors innervated by
sympathetic nerves
Types of sympathomimetic drugs
Direct acting - ✅✅bind to and activate receptors to produce a response
Types of sympathomimetic drugs
Indirect acting - ✅✅increase endogenous NE to produce a response
Types of sympathomimetic drugs
Mixed acting - ✅✅work like both direct and indirect
Major Adrenergic receptor types - ✅✅A1, A2, B1, B2, B3
Tamsulosin targets - ✅✅receptor A1a
Myrbetriq targets - ✅✅receptor B3
Location of Adrenergic Receptors
Prejunctional - ✅✅A2 and B2
