BSC 1005 Exam #3 Study Guide
questions and answers already passed
Gene Regulation - correct answer ✔✔ability for an organism to control which genes are
transcribed in response to the environment
Gene Expression * - correct answer ✔✔Conversion of the information encoded in a gene first
into messenger RNA and then to a protein.
lac is an - correct answer ✔✔operon
Operon * - correct answer ✔✔Cluster of related genes & sequences that control gene
regulation.
The site where RNA polymerase attaches & initiates transcription is ________. * - correct
answer ✔✔the promoter
The _______ located between the promoter and operon, acts as a switch that is turned on or
off, spending on whether a specific protein is bound there. * - correct answer ✔✔Operator.
Describe an operon on its off mode (Gene Regulation) - correct answer ✔✔1. Transcription is
stopped when a repressor binds to the operator.
2. The repressor physically binds to the operator. , blocking the attachment of RNA polymerase
Describe an Operon on it's on mode (Gene Regulation in Bacteria) - correct answer ✔✔1. A
lactose molecule for ex, binds to a repressor, changing the shape of the repressor.
2. Since there is nothing no longer blocking RNA Polymerase, it binds to the promoter.
, 3. RNA transcribes genes of the lactose enzymes into mRNA.
X Chromosome Activation - correct answer ✔✔only one X chromosome in females is activated
(occurs in inner cell mass)
________ , collection of proteins acting together to bind to DNA sequences called enhancers
and to the promoter. - correct answer ✔✔Transcription factors.
During gene regulation in eukaryotic cells Repressor proteins called ___________ inhibit the
start of transcription. - correct answer ✔✔Silencers
__________ are proteins that turn ON genes by binding to DNA. - correct answer ✔✔Activators
Alterative mRNA splicing - correct answer ✔✔Producing multiple mRNA from the same gene.
They will ultimately code for different polypeptides.
what exactly is cell signaling? - correct answer ✔✔The process of cell-to-cell communication
mediated by signaling molecules and membrane receptors
Signal Transduction Pathway - correct answer ✔✔a series of molecular changes that convert a
signal on the target cell's surface to a specific response within the cell; crucial to many cellular
functions
Explain the Process of Cell Signaling - correct answer ✔✔1) The signaling cell secretes a signal
molecule.
2) The molecule binds to a specific receptor protein, embedded on the outside of the other
cell's membrane.
3)The bond activate a signal transduction pathway consisting of relay proteins that activate the
next one.
questions and answers already passed
Gene Regulation - correct answer ✔✔ability for an organism to control which genes are
transcribed in response to the environment
Gene Expression * - correct answer ✔✔Conversion of the information encoded in a gene first
into messenger RNA and then to a protein.
lac is an - correct answer ✔✔operon
Operon * - correct answer ✔✔Cluster of related genes & sequences that control gene
regulation.
The site where RNA polymerase attaches & initiates transcription is ________. * - correct
answer ✔✔the promoter
The _______ located between the promoter and operon, acts as a switch that is turned on or
off, spending on whether a specific protein is bound there. * - correct answer ✔✔Operator.
Describe an operon on its off mode (Gene Regulation) - correct answer ✔✔1. Transcription is
stopped when a repressor binds to the operator.
2. The repressor physically binds to the operator. , blocking the attachment of RNA polymerase
Describe an Operon on it's on mode (Gene Regulation in Bacteria) - correct answer ✔✔1. A
lactose molecule for ex, binds to a repressor, changing the shape of the repressor.
2. Since there is nothing no longer blocking RNA Polymerase, it binds to the promoter.
, 3. RNA transcribes genes of the lactose enzymes into mRNA.
X Chromosome Activation - correct answer ✔✔only one X chromosome in females is activated
(occurs in inner cell mass)
________ , collection of proteins acting together to bind to DNA sequences called enhancers
and to the promoter. - correct answer ✔✔Transcription factors.
During gene regulation in eukaryotic cells Repressor proteins called ___________ inhibit the
start of transcription. - correct answer ✔✔Silencers
__________ are proteins that turn ON genes by binding to DNA. - correct answer ✔✔Activators
Alterative mRNA splicing - correct answer ✔✔Producing multiple mRNA from the same gene.
They will ultimately code for different polypeptides.
what exactly is cell signaling? - correct answer ✔✔The process of cell-to-cell communication
mediated by signaling molecules and membrane receptors
Signal Transduction Pathway - correct answer ✔✔a series of molecular changes that convert a
signal on the target cell's surface to a specific response within the cell; crucial to many cellular
functions
Explain the Process of Cell Signaling - correct answer ✔✔1) The signaling cell secretes a signal
molecule.
2) The molecule binds to a specific receptor protein, embedded on the outside of the other
cell's membrane.
3)The bond activate a signal transduction pathway consisting of relay proteins that activate the
next one.
