Portage Learning: A&P 1 Module 5 -
Muscular System
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
skeletal muscle
have blood & nervous supply to provide movement under conscious control
What does it mean that skeletal muscles are under conscious control?
meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action
Communication to coordinate movement starts where?
In the brain with a message sent through the spinal cord & eventually attaches to a muscle
What is included in the central nervous system?
brain and spinal cord
The CNS (brain and spinal cord) connect to?
peripheral nervous system
What do peripheral nerves do
carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable movement
peripheral nerves
carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable movement
examples of peripheral nerves
spinal nerves (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, and the
radial nerve.
Motor action
(CNS to Muscle) Message from CNS to a muscle is called motor actions
,Sensory Input (sensation)
(Environment to nerves to CNS) Information sent from external environment by nerves to the
central nervous system
Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord) connect to
Peripheral Nervous system
Examples of peripheral nerves
1. spinal nerves (lumbar, thoracic, cervical)
2. Upper trunk of the brachial plexus
3. Radial nerve
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Carries information into and out of the CNS
- carry communication from CNS to muscle AND carry info from environment to CNS
describe the difference between tendons and ligaments
tendons are connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone at the end.
Ligaments are connective tissue that connect bone to bone. Helping to stabilize joints where
bone meets.
Tendons
connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
Origin vs insertion of a muscle
Origin is a fixed stationary point; insertion is the place that is moved during a muscle
contraction
origin
muscles attach to non movable bone
insertion
muscles attach to movable bone
Muscle action
effect produced by a muscle contraction
- named for action they produce, e.g., flexor or extensor
- i.e. tricep is the primary extensor of the forearm
,Innervation
a peripheral nerve that supplies muscle with a message from brain
describe muscle action and innervation?
Action of muscle is what effect is produced by the muscle's contraction
The innervation is the peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with the message from the
brain.
How many total cranial nerves
12
Where do cranial nerves originate and control?
On the ventral surface of brain
&
controll muscles function of several organs & glands
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
List all the muscles of the facial expression: (8)
BOOM - ZRFT
1. Obicularis Oculi
2. Obicularis Oris
3. Zygomaticus major/minor
4. Risorius
5. Frontalis (occipitofrontailis)
6. Buccinator
7. Masseter
8. Temporalis
Orbicularis Oculi
close eye; facial nerve CN VII
Orbicularis Oris
closes mouth, protrudes lips, presses lips to teeth; facial nerve CN VII
Zygomaticus Major
, Action: pulls corners of lips upward
Innervation: facial nerve CN VII
Inferior to zygomaticus minor
(cheek bone)
Zygomaticus Major
- Action: pulls corners of lips upward
- Innervation: facial nerve CN VII
Inferior to zygomaticus minor
(cheek bone)
Risorius
- pulls the corners of the mouth posteriorly (grinning)
- cranial nerve CN VII
(attaches to corner of mouth)
frontalis (occipitofrontailis)
- action: raise eyebrows; wrinkle forehead
- Cranial Nerve VII;
Buccinator
- compresses cheek;
- innervation: cranial nerve VII
- location: deep to zygomaticus
Masseter
- closes jaw;
- Trigeminal nerve (CN V, manibular branch)
(on side of jaw)
Temporalis
- Elevates mandible, closes jaw
- Trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch)
Lateral Flexion
aka side flexion, side bending of neck, moving one of the ears to the shoulder
cervical flexion
moving the chin towards the chest
Muscular System
Name the 3 types of muscle tissue
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
skeletal muscle
have blood & nervous supply to provide movement under conscious control
What does it mean that skeletal muscles are under conscious control?
meaning that a person can consciously decide to use these muscles to complete an action
Communication to coordinate movement starts where?
In the brain with a message sent through the spinal cord & eventually attaches to a muscle
What is included in the central nervous system?
brain and spinal cord
The CNS (brain and spinal cord) connect to?
peripheral nervous system
What do peripheral nerves do
carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable movement
peripheral nerves
carry signal from CNS (brain+spinal cord) to muscle to enable movement
examples of peripheral nerves
spinal nerves (cervical, thoracic, and lumbar), the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, and the
radial nerve.
Motor action
(CNS to Muscle) Message from CNS to a muscle is called motor actions
,Sensory Input (sensation)
(Environment to nerves to CNS) Information sent from external environment by nerves to the
central nervous system
Central Nervous System (brain & spinal cord) connect to
Peripheral Nervous system
Examples of peripheral nerves
1. spinal nerves (lumbar, thoracic, cervical)
2. Upper trunk of the brachial plexus
3. Radial nerve
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Carries information into and out of the CNS
- carry communication from CNS to muscle AND carry info from environment to CNS
describe the difference between tendons and ligaments
tendons are connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone at the end.
Ligaments are connective tissue that connect bone to bone. Helping to stabilize joints where
bone meets.
Tendons
connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
Origin vs insertion of a muscle
Origin is a fixed stationary point; insertion is the place that is moved during a muscle
contraction
origin
muscles attach to non movable bone
insertion
muscles attach to movable bone
Muscle action
effect produced by a muscle contraction
- named for action they produce, e.g., flexor or extensor
- i.e. tricep is the primary extensor of the forearm
,Innervation
a peripheral nerve that supplies muscle with a message from brain
describe muscle action and innervation?
Action of muscle is what effect is produced by the muscle's contraction
The innervation is the peripheral nerve that supplies a muscle with the message from the
brain.
How many total cranial nerves
12
Where do cranial nerves originate and control?
On the ventral surface of brain
&
controll muscles function of several organs & glands
MUSCLES OF FACIAL EXPRESSION
List all the muscles of the facial expression: (8)
BOOM - ZRFT
1. Obicularis Oculi
2. Obicularis Oris
3. Zygomaticus major/minor
4. Risorius
5. Frontalis (occipitofrontailis)
6. Buccinator
7. Masseter
8. Temporalis
Orbicularis Oculi
close eye; facial nerve CN VII
Orbicularis Oris
closes mouth, protrudes lips, presses lips to teeth; facial nerve CN VII
Zygomaticus Major
, Action: pulls corners of lips upward
Innervation: facial nerve CN VII
Inferior to zygomaticus minor
(cheek bone)
Zygomaticus Major
- Action: pulls corners of lips upward
- Innervation: facial nerve CN VII
Inferior to zygomaticus minor
(cheek bone)
Risorius
- pulls the corners of the mouth posteriorly (grinning)
- cranial nerve CN VII
(attaches to corner of mouth)
frontalis (occipitofrontailis)
- action: raise eyebrows; wrinkle forehead
- Cranial Nerve VII;
Buccinator
- compresses cheek;
- innervation: cranial nerve VII
- location: deep to zygomaticus
Masseter
- closes jaw;
- Trigeminal nerve (CN V, manibular branch)
(on side of jaw)
Temporalis
- Elevates mandible, closes jaw
- Trigeminal nerve (CN V, mandibular branch)
Lateral Flexion
aka side flexion, side bending of neck, moving one of the ears to the shoulder
cervical flexion
moving the chin towards the chest
