PCM FINAL EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
Features & Activities of Wheel Chairs:
Tipping levers - ANS assists caregiver to help elevate castor wheels for curbs
Features & Activities of Wheel Chairs:
anti-tipping bars - ANS can be adapted to the tipping level to prevent user from raising castor
wheels
Features & Activities of Wheel Chairs:
propulsion - ANS 10:00-12:00 hand position depending on patient ROM
measuring a wheelchair:
seat width - ANS distace b/w client & sides of chair
measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure seat width - ANS measure the widest aspect of user's hips while seated,
then ADD 2in.
measuring a wheelchair:
seat depth - ANS measure from posterior butt
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure seat depth - ANS measure along the lateral thigh to the popliteal fold, then
SUBTRACT 2in
measuring a wheelchair:
leg length - ANS distance from popliteal fold to bottom of foot
measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure leg length - ANS measure from bottom of heel to popliteal fold
measuring a wheelchair:
seat height - ANS distance from floor to seat surface
measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure seat height - ANS ADD 2in. to the leg length measurement
measuring a wheelchair:
back height - ANS measure from seat of the chair to the axillla w/ the users shoulder flexed
at 90º
measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure back height - ANS SUBTRACT 4in.; top of seat should fall below the inferior
angle of the scapula
measuring a wheelchair:
armrest height - ANS measure from the seat of the chair to the olecranon procss w/ patient's
elbow flexed at 90º
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure armrest - ANS ADD 1in.
improper fit:
seat depth: seated too high/low - ANS patient will not feel stable & won't have enough
support; sitting too low results in decreased trunk stability; sitting too high results in increase
pressue to the popliteal area
improper fit:
seat height: too high/low - ANS can lead to insuffucuent trunk support if too hight, if too low
transfers are difficult
improper fit:
seat width: too wide/narrow - ANS if too wide, the user will hvave difficulty reaching the
hand rim to propel & encourage bad posture; if too narrow, there will be pressure on the
greater trochanter or skin irritation in middle thighs
improper fit:
leg length: too long/short - ANS too long will cause pressure on posterior aspect of distal
femur; too short will cause increased pressure on the ischial tuberosities
improper fit:
back height: too high/low - ANS too high the patient may experience difficult propelling the
chair b/c it will be more difficult to use the arms comfortably; too low there is decreased trunk
stability
improper fit:
armrest height - ANS too high user will have difficulty reaching hand rims; too low, there will
be posture issues, inadequate balance, & difficulty pushing from sit to stand
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Types of Wheel Chairs:
Standard - ANS -can hold 200lbs or less
-limited use on rough surfaces
Types of Wheel Chairs:
heavy duty - ANS -can hold 200lbs or more
-can perform vigorous functional activities
Types of Wheel Chairs:
lightweight/ultralight - ANS -solid rigid frame that doesn't have additional hardware &
mechanisms of a standard wheelchair
-everything is built in & integrated into the chair making it less bulky & easier for patient to
manage on their own
-capacity of to 300lbs
-titanium design for easy maneuvering
-efficient propulsion
Types of Wheel Chairs:
semi-reclining - ANS -allows adjustments to bring the whelchair back in a reclined position to
30º of extension & brought up to an upright position
Types of Wheel Chairs:
fully-reclining - ANS -allows the wheelchair back to be in a fully flat position
-the rear wheels will need to be places more posterior to prevent the wheelchair from tipping
back
Types of Wheel Chairs:
tilt-in-space - ANS -client can perform pressure relief on their own
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
AND ANSWERS
Features & Activities of Wheel Chairs:
Tipping levers - ANS assists caregiver to help elevate castor wheels for curbs
Features & Activities of Wheel Chairs:
anti-tipping bars - ANS can be adapted to the tipping level to prevent user from raising castor
wheels
Features & Activities of Wheel Chairs:
propulsion - ANS 10:00-12:00 hand position depending on patient ROM
measuring a wheelchair:
seat width - ANS distace b/w client & sides of chair
measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure seat width - ANS measure the widest aspect of user's hips while seated,
then ADD 2in.
measuring a wheelchair:
seat depth - ANS measure from posterior butt
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure seat depth - ANS measure along the lateral thigh to the popliteal fold, then
SUBTRACT 2in
measuring a wheelchair:
leg length - ANS distance from popliteal fold to bottom of foot
measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure leg length - ANS measure from bottom of heel to popliteal fold
measuring a wheelchair:
seat height - ANS distance from floor to seat surface
measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure seat height - ANS ADD 2in. to the leg length measurement
measuring a wheelchair:
back height - ANS measure from seat of the chair to the axillla w/ the users shoulder flexed
at 90º
measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure back height - ANS SUBTRACT 4in.; top of seat should fall below the inferior
angle of the scapula
measuring a wheelchair:
armrest height - ANS measure from the seat of the chair to the olecranon procss w/ patient's
elbow flexed at 90º
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,measuring a wheelchair:
how to measure armrest - ANS ADD 1in.
improper fit:
seat depth: seated too high/low - ANS patient will not feel stable & won't have enough
support; sitting too low results in decreased trunk stability; sitting too high results in increase
pressue to the popliteal area
improper fit:
seat height: too high/low - ANS can lead to insuffucuent trunk support if too hight, if too low
transfers are difficult
improper fit:
seat width: too wide/narrow - ANS if too wide, the user will hvave difficulty reaching the
hand rim to propel & encourage bad posture; if too narrow, there will be pressure on the
greater trochanter or skin irritation in middle thighs
improper fit:
leg length: too long/short - ANS too long will cause pressure on posterior aspect of distal
femur; too short will cause increased pressure on the ischial tuberosities
improper fit:
back height: too high/low - ANS too high the patient may experience difficult propelling the
chair b/c it will be more difficult to use the arms comfortably; too low there is decreased trunk
stability
improper fit:
armrest height - ANS too high user will have difficulty reaching hand rims; too low, there will
be posture issues, inadequate balance, & difficulty pushing from sit to stand
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, Types of Wheel Chairs:
Standard - ANS -can hold 200lbs or less
-limited use on rough surfaces
Types of Wheel Chairs:
heavy duty - ANS -can hold 200lbs or more
-can perform vigorous functional activities
Types of Wheel Chairs:
lightweight/ultralight - ANS -solid rigid frame that doesn't have additional hardware &
mechanisms of a standard wheelchair
-everything is built in & integrated into the chair making it less bulky & easier for patient to
manage on their own
-capacity of to 300lbs
-titanium design for easy maneuvering
-efficient propulsion
Types of Wheel Chairs:
semi-reclining - ANS -allows adjustments to bring the whelchair back in a reclined position to
30º of extension & brought up to an upright position
Types of Wheel Chairs:
fully-reclining - ANS -allows the wheelchair back to be in a fully flat position
-the rear wheels will need to be places more posterior to prevent the wheelchair from tipping
back
Types of Wheel Chairs:
tilt-in-space - ANS -client can perform pressure relief on their own
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
