GALEN NUR 242 EXAM 2 MED-SURG TESTED (LATEST
) QUESTIONS WITH REVISED ANSWERS
1. Diabetic complications ANS Macrovascular/microvascular problems;
renal; infec- tion; amputation; heart attack; stroke
2. Dehydration ANS decreased blood volume; daily weight off bt 3 lbs;
skin tenting; tachycardia; weak pulse; postural hypotension; confusion; dry,
skin and mycous membranes, thirsty, concentrated urine
3. dehydration management ANS I&Os; check electrolytes, CBC, urine
specific gravity; assess for Hypotension and weak pulses; assess respiratory
system (fast, shallow) and tissue perfusion; check orientation, vision, hearing,
reflexes and strength; weight changes; skin breakdown and oral care
4. fluid overload ANS crackles; pitting edema; tachycardia; bounding
pulse; JVD; wt gain; shallow resp; SOA; pale/cool skin; altered LOC;
weakness
5. fluid overload management ANS orthostatic hypotension;diuretics;
prevent skin breakdown; correct electrolyte imbalance; fluid restriction; low
Na diet; mon wt
6. fluid overload suspects ANS CHS, kidney Pts; liver Pts; pulmonary edema
1/
15
, 7. Sodium (Na) ANS 135-145; important for acid-base balance
8. Hyponatremia ANS lethargy, headache, confusion, apprehension,
seizures, coma (irritability and acid base balance firing off plus nerve
impulses) #2 of elderly presenting to ED
9. Hyponatremia management ANS Treat
underlying condition Sodium replacement
Water restriction
Medication
Assessment ANS I&O, daily weight, lab values, CNS changes
Encourage dietary sodium
Monitor fluid intake
Effects of medications (diuretics, lithium)
10. Hyponatremia suspects ANS gastro suctioning; V/D; inadequate
salt intake; change from ICF to ECF solutions; diuretics (metabolic
alkalosis)
11. Hypernatremia ANS FRIED SALT ANS flushed; restless, anxious,
irritable, confused; increased BP and fluid retention; edema; decreased urine
and dry mouth; skin flushed; agitation; low grade fever and thirst
12. Hypernatremia suspects ANS poor fluid intake; surgery; tube feedings;
elderly or infants; poorly controlled diabetes; impaired renal concentrating
13. Potassium (K) ANS 3.5-5 responsible for muscle contractility and critical
to normal cardiac function; can be life threatening if values off; meat, fish, fruits
and vegetables; 80% secreted by kidneys; caution in patients on digitalis and
diuretics
14. Hypokalemia ANS deficient potassium in the blood; cardiac concern; A
SIC WALT ANS alkalosis; shallow respirations; irritability; confusion &
drowsiness; weakness; arryth-
2/
15
) QUESTIONS WITH REVISED ANSWERS
1. Diabetic complications ANS Macrovascular/microvascular problems;
renal; infec- tion; amputation; heart attack; stroke
2. Dehydration ANS decreased blood volume; daily weight off bt 3 lbs;
skin tenting; tachycardia; weak pulse; postural hypotension; confusion; dry,
skin and mycous membranes, thirsty, concentrated urine
3. dehydration management ANS I&Os; check electrolytes, CBC, urine
specific gravity; assess for Hypotension and weak pulses; assess respiratory
system (fast, shallow) and tissue perfusion; check orientation, vision, hearing,
reflexes and strength; weight changes; skin breakdown and oral care
4. fluid overload ANS crackles; pitting edema; tachycardia; bounding
pulse; JVD; wt gain; shallow resp; SOA; pale/cool skin; altered LOC;
weakness
5. fluid overload management ANS orthostatic hypotension;diuretics;
prevent skin breakdown; correct electrolyte imbalance; fluid restriction; low
Na diet; mon wt
6. fluid overload suspects ANS CHS, kidney Pts; liver Pts; pulmonary edema
1/
15
, 7. Sodium (Na) ANS 135-145; important for acid-base balance
8. Hyponatremia ANS lethargy, headache, confusion, apprehension,
seizures, coma (irritability and acid base balance firing off plus nerve
impulses) #2 of elderly presenting to ED
9. Hyponatremia management ANS Treat
underlying condition Sodium replacement
Water restriction
Medication
Assessment ANS I&O, daily weight, lab values, CNS changes
Encourage dietary sodium
Monitor fluid intake
Effects of medications (diuretics, lithium)
10. Hyponatremia suspects ANS gastro suctioning; V/D; inadequate
salt intake; change from ICF to ECF solutions; diuretics (metabolic
alkalosis)
11. Hypernatremia ANS FRIED SALT ANS flushed; restless, anxious,
irritable, confused; increased BP and fluid retention; edema; decreased urine
and dry mouth; skin flushed; agitation; low grade fever and thirst
12. Hypernatremia suspects ANS poor fluid intake; surgery; tube feedings;
elderly or infants; poorly controlled diabetes; impaired renal concentrating
13. Potassium (K) ANS 3.5-5 responsible for muscle contractility and critical
to normal cardiac function; can be life threatening if values off; meat, fish, fruits
and vegetables; 80% secreted by kidneys; caution in patients on digitalis and
diuretics
14. Hypokalemia ANS deficient potassium in the blood; cardiac concern; A
SIC WALT ANS alkalosis; shallow respirations; irritability; confusion &
drowsiness; weakness; arryth-
2/
15
