MDC 3 EXAM 2 2025 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Hyperventilation, if someone is blowing off too much CO2 they become more - ANS Alkaline,
respiratory alkalosis
if a patient's lung are not functioning very well and they are unable to remove or blow off CO2
very well, the CO2 will build up in their system becoming - ANS acidic, respiratory acidosis
Perfusion - ANS is adequate arterial blood flow through the peripheral tissues (peripheral
perfusion) and blood that is pumped by the heart to oxygenate major body organs (central
perfusion)
upper respiratory tract - ANS nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx
Lower respiratory tract - ANS Lungs,Trachea, two mainstem bronchi, lobar, segmental, and
subsegmental bronchi; bronchioles; alveolar ducts; alveoli
common cause of respiratory ailments - ANS Cigarette smoke
Nursing care of a patient experiencing upper respiratory system disorders - ANS maintaining
a patent airway to allow adequate ventilation and oxygenation.
Along with a focused respiratory assessment, the nurse will utilize information obtained from
the patient and family during the admission history interview. Information regarding the
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,patient's history of upper respiratory disorders, smoking, and environmental exposures will be
utilized to determine the necessary testing and treatment
Normal Changes in Aging Adults - ANS Alveoli function decreases
Ability to cough decreases
Lungs loose residual volume, vital capacity and gas exchange decreases.
Respiratory muscles atrophy
Vascular resistance increases, capillary flow decreases
Susceptibility to infection increases.
The turbinates - ANS three bones that protrude into the nasal cavities from the internal
portion of the nose
increase the total surface area for filtering, warming, and humidifying inspired air before it
passes into the nasopharynx.
The paranasal sinuses - ANS air-filled cavities within the bones that surround the nasal
passages
Lined with ciliated membrane, the sinuses provide resonance to speech, decrease the weight
of the skull, and act as shock absorbers in the event of facial trauma..
Fremitus refers to vibratory tremors that can be felt through the chest by palpation, Increased
fremitus may indicate - ANS compression or consolidation of lung tissue, as occurs in
pneumonia.
Lung sounds - ANS Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
Adventitious sounds - ANS Crackles
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,Wheezes
Rhonchus
Pleural friction rub
Other Indicators of Respiratory Adequacy - ANS Cyanosis, decreased capillary refill, clubbing
of nails in fingers, level of consciousness, Chest Circumference, Anxiety, Dyspnea Orthopnea,
General Appearance
Diagnostic Assessment of lungs - ANS Laboratory assessment
- RBC
- ABG- is a blood gas and this tells us the acid base balance of the patient
- Sputum- can tell us if microorganisms are growing in the lung - describe color, clarity, and any
odor
Imaging assessment
- x-rays-Xrays show us areas of opaque which usually indicate pneumonia/consolidation of fluid
-CT- computed tomography. Lung nodules, areas of fluid buildup
Other noninvasive diagnostic assessments
- Pulse oximetry-circulating O2- tells us oxygen levels in the tissues- usually fingers, toes, or
earlobes
- Capnometry and capnography-how much CO2 is leaving the lungs.
-PFTs-Lung function- tell us how well the lungs function at moving air in and out
- Exercise testing-Exercise tolerance
Invasive Diagnostic Assessment - ANS -Endoscopic examinations
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, -Bronchoscopy- is a camera that looks at the airway passages
-Thoracentesis- can remove fluid buildup from the lung
-Lung biopsy- is used to diagnose some lung diseases or cancer
Which assessment finding for an older adult patient does the nurse ascribe to the natural aging
process? - ANS A.Tightening of the vocal cords
B.Decrease in residual volume
C.Decrease in the anteroposterior diameter
D.Decrease in respiratory muscle strength
D. As a person ages, vocal cords become slack, changing the quality and strength of the voice;
the anteroposterior diameter increases; respiratory muscle strength decreases; and the
residual volume increases.
The nurse knows that under normal physiologic conditions of tissue perfusion, a patient will
have what percent of oxygen dissociate from the hemoglobin molecule? - ANS A.25%
B.50%
C.75%
D.100%
ANS: B
Oxygen dissociates with the hemoglobin molecule based on the need for oxygen to perfuse
tissues. Under normal conditions, 50% of hemoglobin molecules completely dissociate their
oxygen molecules when blood perfuses tissues that have an oxygen tension (concentration) of
26 mm Hg. This is considered a "normal" point at which 50% of hemoglobin molecules are no
longer saturated with oxygen.
Which assessment finding does the nurse interpret that is associated most closely with lung
disease? - ANS A.Cough
B.Dyspnea
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ANSWERS
Hyperventilation, if someone is blowing off too much CO2 they become more - ANS Alkaline,
respiratory alkalosis
if a patient's lung are not functioning very well and they are unable to remove or blow off CO2
very well, the CO2 will build up in their system becoming - ANS acidic, respiratory acidosis
Perfusion - ANS is adequate arterial blood flow through the peripheral tissues (peripheral
perfusion) and blood that is pumped by the heart to oxygenate major body organs (central
perfusion)
upper respiratory tract - ANS nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx
Lower respiratory tract - ANS Lungs,Trachea, two mainstem bronchi, lobar, segmental, and
subsegmental bronchi; bronchioles; alveolar ducts; alveoli
common cause of respiratory ailments - ANS Cigarette smoke
Nursing care of a patient experiencing upper respiratory system disorders - ANS maintaining
a patent airway to allow adequate ventilation and oxygenation.
Along with a focused respiratory assessment, the nurse will utilize information obtained from
the patient and family during the admission history interview. Information regarding the
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,patient's history of upper respiratory disorders, smoking, and environmental exposures will be
utilized to determine the necessary testing and treatment
Normal Changes in Aging Adults - ANS Alveoli function decreases
Ability to cough decreases
Lungs loose residual volume, vital capacity and gas exchange decreases.
Respiratory muscles atrophy
Vascular resistance increases, capillary flow decreases
Susceptibility to infection increases.
The turbinates - ANS three bones that protrude into the nasal cavities from the internal
portion of the nose
increase the total surface area for filtering, warming, and humidifying inspired air before it
passes into the nasopharynx.
The paranasal sinuses - ANS air-filled cavities within the bones that surround the nasal
passages
Lined with ciliated membrane, the sinuses provide resonance to speech, decrease the weight
of the skull, and act as shock absorbers in the event of facial trauma..
Fremitus refers to vibratory tremors that can be felt through the chest by palpation, Increased
fremitus may indicate - ANS compression or consolidation of lung tissue, as occurs in
pneumonia.
Lung sounds - ANS Bronchial
Bronchovesicular
Vesicular
Adventitious sounds - ANS Crackles
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,Wheezes
Rhonchus
Pleural friction rub
Other Indicators of Respiratory Adequacy - ANS Cyanosis, decreased capillary refill, clubbing
of nails in fingers, level of consciousness, Chest Circumference, Anxiety, Dyspnea Orthopnea,
General Appearance
Diagnostic Assessment of lungs - ANS Laboratory assessment
- RBC
- ABG- is a blood gas and this tells us the acid base balance of the patient
- Sputum- can tell us if microorganisms are growing in the lung - describe color, clarity, and any
odor
Imaging assessment
- x-rays-Xrays show us areas of opaque which usually indicate pneumonia/consolidation of fluid
-CT- computed tomography. Lung nodules, areas of fluid buildup
Other noninvasive diagnostic assessments
- Pulse oximetry-circulating O2- tells us oxygen levels in the tissues- usually fingers, toes, or
earlobes
- Capnometry and capnography-how much CO2 is leaving the lungs.
-PFTs-Lung function- tell us how well the lungs function at moving air in and out
- Exercise testing-Exercise tolerance
Invasive Diagnostic Assessment - ANS -Endoscopic examinations
Copyright ©2025 BRIGHTSTARS ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, -Bronchoscopy- is a camera that looks at the airway passages
-Thoracentesis- can remove fluid buildup from the lung
-Lung biopsy- is used to diagnose some lung diseases or cancer
Which assessment finding for an older adult patient does the nurse ascribe to the natural aging
process? - ANS A.Tightening of the vocal cords
B.Decrease in residual volume
C.Decrease in the anteroposterior diameter
D.Decrease in respiratory muscle strength
D. As a person ages, vocal cords become slack, changing the quality and strength of the voice;
the anteroposterior diameter increases; respiratory muscle strength decreases; and the
residual volume increases.
The nurse knows that under normal physiologic conditions of tissue perfusion, a patient will
have what percent of oxygen dissociate from the hemoglobin molecule? - ANS A.25%
B.50%
C.75%
D.100%
ANS: B
Oxygen dissociates with the hemoglobin molecule based on the need for oxygen to perfuse
tissues. Under normal conditions, 50% of hemoglobin molecules completely dissociate their
oxygen molecules when blood perfuses tissues that have an oxygen tension (concentration) of
26 mm Hg. This is considered a "normal" point at which 50% of hemoglobin molecules are no
longer saturated with oxygen.
Which assessment finding does the nurse interpret that is associated most closely with lung
disease? - ANS A.Cough
B.Dyspnea
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