1. A client on lithium therapy should avoid excessive intake of which
electrolyte?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A. Sodium
Rationale: Fluctuations in sodium affect lithium levels. High sodium
intake can reduce lithium effectiveness; low sodium can increase
toxicity risk.
2. Which lab value is the best indicator of long-term nutritional status?
A. Hematocrit
B. Albumin
C. Prealbumin
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin reflects long-term protein status. Prealbumin is
more sensitive to short-term changes.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with a pressure injury. Which nutrient
promotes wound healing?
A. Sodium
B. Vitamin E
C. Protein
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Protein supports tissue repair and wound healing. Vitamin C
and zinc are also important but protein is essential.
4. A nurse is assessing a client with signs of hypocalcemia. Which of
,the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypoactive reflexes
D. Constipation
Answer: A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
Rationale: A positive Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when the cheek
is tapped) indicates neuromuscular excitability from low calcium.
5. What is a sign of vitamin A toxicity?
A. Night blindness
B. Dry skin
C. Nausea and liver damage
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Nausea and liver damage
Rationale: Excess vitamin A is toxic and can cause nausea, headaches,
and liver dysfunction.
6. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching to a client who follows a
kosher diet. Which of the following food combinations is appropriate?
A. Cheeseburger with fries
B. Chicken with cream sauce
C. Fish with steamed vegetables
D. Ham and eggs
Answer: C. Fish with steamed vegetables
Rationale: Kosher diets prohibit mixing meat and dairy and exclude
pork. Fish with vegetables is typically acceptable.
7. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
, D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia.
8. Which food is highest in potassium?
A. Apple
B. Orange juice
C. White bread
D. Chicken breast
Answer: B. Orange juice
Rationale: Orange juice is rich in potassium. Other high-potassium
foods include bananas, potatoes, and spinach.
9. Which client statement indicates understanding of the gluten-free
diet for celiac disease?
A. “I can eat whole-wheat bread.”
B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
C. “I should avoid rice.”
D. “I can eat barley soup.”
Answer: B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
Rationale: Gluten is found in wheat, rye, and barley. Rice is gluten-free
and allowed.
10. A nurse is teaching a client with celiac disease. Which of the
following grains should be avoided?
A. Corn
B. Rice
C. Barley
D. Quinoa
Answer: C. Barley
Rationale: Barley contains gluten and should be avoided in celiac
electrolyte?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Magnesium
Answer: A. Sodium
Rationale: Fluctuations in sodium affect lithium levels. High sodium
intake can reduce lithium effectiveness; low sodium can increase
toxicity risk.
2. Which lab value is the best indicator of long-term nutritional status?
A. Hematocrit
B. Albumin
C. Prealbumin
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin reflects long-term protein status. Prealbumin is
more sensitive to short-term changes.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with a pressure injury. Which nutrient
promotes wound healing?
A. Sodium
B. Vitamin E
C. Protein
D. Potassium
Answer: C. Protein
Rationale: Protein supports tissue repair and wound healing. Vitamin C
and zinc are also important but protein is essential.
4. A nurse is assessing a client with signs of hypocalcemia. Which of
,the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypoactive reflexes
D. Constipation
Answer: A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
Rationale: A positive Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when the cheek
is tapped) indicates neuromuscular excitability from low calcium.
5. What is a sign of vitamin A toxicity?
A. Night blindness
B. Dry skin
C. Nausea and liver damage
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Nausea and liver damage
Rationale: Excess vitamin A is toxic and can cause nausea, headaches,
and liver dysfunction.
6. A nurse is reinforcing dietary teaching to a client who follows a
kosher diet. Which of the following food combinations is appropriate?
A. Cheeseburger with fries
B. Chicken with cream sauce
C. Fish with steamed vegetables
D. Ham and eggs
Answer: C. Fish with steamed vegetables
Rationale: Kosher diets prohibit mixing meat and dairy and exclude
pork. Fish with vegetables is typically acceptable.
7. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a client on a diuretic. Which
electrolyte is most at risk for imbalance?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
, D. Chloride
Answer: B. Potassium
Rationale: Many diuretics (like furosemide) cause potassium loss,
leading to hypokalemia.
8. Which food is highest in potassium?
A. Apple
B. Orange juice
C. White bread
D. Chicken breast
Answer: B. Orange juice
Rationale: Orange juice is rich in potassium. Other high-potassium
foods include bananas, potatoes, and spinach.
9. Which client statement indicates understanding of the gluten-free
diet for celiac disease?
A. “I can eat whole-wheat bread.”
B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
C. “I should avoid rice.”
D. “I can eat barley soup.”
Answer: B. “I’ll avoid rye crackers.”
Rationale: Gluten is found in wheat, rye, and barley. Rice is gluten-free
and allowed.
10. A nurse is teaching a client with celiac disease. Which of the
following grains should be avoided?
A. Corn
B. Rice
C. Barley
D. Quinoa
Answer: C. Barley
Rationale: Barley contains gluten and should be avoided in celiac
