1. A nurse is caring for a client with cancer-related cachexia. Which is
the priority nutritional goal?
A. Weight loss
B. Increased fluid intake
C. Increased caloric intake
D. High-fiber diet
Answer: C. Increased caloric intake
Rationale: Cachexia involves significant muscle wasting; the primary
goal is to increase calorie and protein intake.
2. Which is an appropriate snack for a client with diabetes mellitus?
A. Doughnut
B. Apple with peanut butter
C. Candy bar
D. White bread and jam
Answer: B. Apple with peanut butter
Rationale: This snack includes fiber and protein, helping stabilize blood
glucose levels.
3. Which of the following is the best source of folic acid for a client
planning to become pregnant?
A. Liver
B. Citrus fruits
C. Leafy green vegetables
D. Fortified cereals
Answer: D. Fortified cereals
Rationale: Fortified cereals are rich in folic acid and are recommended
for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects.
4. Which intervention helps reduce the risk of aspiration during enteral
feedings?
,A. Infuse feedings rapidly
B. Lower the head of bed
C. Keep client supine during feeding
D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Answer: D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Rationale: Keeping the head elevated during and after feeding reduces
aspiration risk.
5. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
6. Which of the following is a sign of vitamin C deficiency?
A. Night blindness
B. Delayed wound healing
C. Rickets
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: B. Delayed wound healing
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound
healing. Night blindness is related to vitamin A, rickets to vitamin D,
and neural tube defects to folate.
7. Which food is highest in potassium?
A. Apple
B. Orange juice
C. White bread
D. Chicken breast
, Answer: B. Orange juice
Rationale: Orange juice is rich in potassium. Other high-potassium
foods include bananas, potatoes, and spinach.
8. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the Mediterranean diet. Which
of the following foods should be emphasized?
A. Red meats
B. Butter
C. Olive oil
D. Cream sauces
Answer: C. Olive oil
Rationale: The Mediterranean diet emphasizes plant-based foods,
healthy fats (like olive oil), fish, and whole grains.
9. Which lab value is the best indicator of long-term nutritional status?
A. Hematocrit
B. Albumin
C. Prealbumin
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin reflects long-term protein status. Prealbumin is
more sensitive to short-term changes.
10. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
the priority nutritional goal?
A. Weight loss
B. Increased fluid intake
C. Increased caloric intake
D. High-fiber diet
Answer: C. Increased caloric intake
Rationale: Cachexia involves significant muscle wasting; the primary
goal is to increase calorie and protein intake.
2. Which is an appropriate snack for a client with diabetes mellitus?
A. Doughnut
B. Apple with peanut butter
C. Candy bar
D. White bread and jam
Answer: B. Apple with peanut butter
Rationale: This snack includes fiber and protein, helping stabilize blood
glucose levels.
3. Which of the following is the best source of folic acid for a client
planning to become pregnant?
A. Liver
B. Citrus fruits
C. Leafy green vegetables
D. Fortified cereals
Answer: D. Fortified cereals
Rationale: Fortified cereals are rich in folic acid and are recommended
for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects.
4. Which intervention helps reduce the risk of aspiration during enteral
feedings?
,A. Infuse feedings rapidly
B. Lower the head of bed
C. Keep client supine during feeding
D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Answer: D. Elevate the head of bed at least 30 degrees
Rationale: Keeping the head elevated during and after feeding reduces
aspiration risk.
5. A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client with a new colostomy.
Which food should the nurse recommend to decrease odor?
A. Broccoli
B. Garlic
C. Buttermilk
D. Fish
Answer: C. Buttermilk
Rationale: Buttermilk, yogurt, and parsley can help reduce colostomy
odor. Cruciferous vegetables and fish increase it.
6. Which of the following is a sign of vitamin C deficiency?
A. Night blindness
B. Delayed wound healing
C. Rickets
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: B. Delayed wound healing
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound
healing. Night blindness is related to vitamin A, rickets to vitamin D,
and neural tube defects to folate.
7. Which food is highest in potassium?
A. Apple
B. Orange juice
C. White bread
D. Chicken breast
, Answer: B. Orange juice
Rationale: Orange juice is rich in potassium. Other high-potassium
foods include bananas, potatoes, and spinach.
8. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about the Mediterranean diet. Which
of the following foods should be emphasized?
A. Red meats
B. Butter
C. Olive oil
D. Cream sauces
Answer: C. Olive oil
Rationale: The Mediterranean diet emphasizes plant-based foods,
healthy fats (like olive oil), fish, and whole grains.
9. Which lab value is the best indicator of long-term nutritional status?
A. Hematocrit
B. Albumin
C. Prealbumin
D. Hemoglobin
Answer: B. Albumin
Rationale: Albumin reflects long-term protein status. Prealbumin is
more sensitive to short-term changes.
10. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
