PPLE FINAL PAPER 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
TAGGED A+
✔✔Civil Court Procedures Parties - ✔✔-Plaintiff: person bringing the action
-Defendant: person action is brought against
Plaintiff must prove "standing"
✔✔Whose name appears first in a civil court case? - ✔✔The plaintiff's
✔✔Standing - ✔✔The challenged conduct has caused the plaintiff injury and that there
is a legally protectable interest.
✔✔Statue of Limitations - ✔✔Limits the period of time in which a case can be filed
✔✔Complaint - ✔✔Contains all material facts of case and remedy requested
✔✔Summons - ✔✔Issued by court notifying defendant of suit and commanding
defendant to file an answer
✔✔Answer - ✔✔Admitting to or denying allegations
-Default judgement if answer not filed
✔✔Discovery - ✔✔Pretrial process where each side must give the other all facts,
evidence, and names of witnesses upon which it will rely
✔✔Deposition - ✔✔Out of court testimony by a witness under oath
✔✔Voir Dire examination - ✔✔The questioning by each side of potential jurors
✔✔Jury's role - ✔✔To determine questions of fact
✔✔Who determine questions of law in a civil court case? - ✔✔The Judge
✔✔Subpoena - ✔✔Order to appear in court.
Failure to appear may result in contempt of court
✔✔When are expert witnesses called? - ✔✔When the factual subject matter is beyond
the scope of jurors
✔✔Motion for summary judgement - ✔✔one party attempts to convince the judge that
the other side's claims have no merit even if correct
, ✔✔Motion for directed verdict - ✔✔After the introduction of evidence, the parties allege
that the other lacks sufficient evidence
✔✔Judgment notwithstanding the verdict (NOV) - ✔✔The judge may rule contrary to the
jury if the jury clearly reached the wrong verdict
✔✔When is a mistrial granted? - ✔✔If a major error or violation of the law or procedure
occurred during the trial
✔✔Who may appeal the final verdict? - ✔✔Either party can appeal on the basis that the
court committed an error of law.
✔✔Indictment - ✔✔Issued by a grand jury when it determines that enough evidence
exists for an arrest and trial
✔✔What happens to the defendant if they are arrested? - ✔✔The judge must determine
if there is enough probably cause for an arrest at a preliminary hearing.
If so, defendant must enter a plea at an arraignment
✔✔Plea bargain - ✔✔The defendant agrees to a lesser charge rather than face a trial
✔✔T/F: Burden of proof is a "preponderance of the evidence" in a criminal court
procedure - ✔✔FALSE. This is true for a *civil* court trial. For a criminal court trial,
burden of proof must be "beyond a reasonable doubt"
✔✔Case citation - ✔✔A record of court decisions.
Contains the following info:
-Names of the parties
-Which court decided the case
-Volume and page number where the case can be found
✔✔Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution - ✔✔Federal law will preempt state law
when the federal and state law conflict.
-Usually only happens when state law is less strict
✔✔Where does the federal authority to regulate drugs come from? - ✔✔The Interstate
Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution
✔✔Where does the state authority to regulate come from? - ✔✔The 10th Amendment,
under its inherent police powers
TAGGED A+
✔✔Civil Court Procedures Parties - ✔✔-Plaintiff: person bringing the action
-Defendant: person action is brought against
Plaintiff must prove "standing"
✔✔Whose name appears first in a civil court case? - ✔✔The plaintiff's
✔✔Standing - ✔✔The challenged conduct has caused the plaintiff injury and that there
is a legally protectable interest.
✔✔Statue of Limitations - ✔✔Limits the period of time in which a case can be filed
✔✔Complaint - ✔✔Contains all material facts of case and remedy requested
✔✔Summons - ✔✔Issued by court notifying defendant of suit and commanding
defendant to file an answer
✔✔Answer - ✔✔Admitting to or denying allegations
-Default judgement if answer not filed
✔✔Discovery - ✔✔Pretrial process where each side must give the other all facts,
evidence, and names of witnesses upon which it will rely
✔✔Deposition - ✔✔Out of court testimony by a witness under oath
✔✔Voir Dire examination - ✔✔The questioning by each side of potential jurors
✔✔Jury's role - ✔✔To determine questions of fact
✔✔Who determine questions of law in a civil court case? - ✔✔The Judge
✔✔Subpoena - ✔✔Order to appear in court.
Failure to appear may result in contempt of court
✔✔When are expert witnesses called? - ✔✔When the factual subject matter is beyond
the scope of jurors
✔✔Motion for summary judgement - ✔✔one party attempts to convince the judge that
the other side's claims have no merit even if correct
, ✔✔Motion for directed verdict - ✔✔After the introduction of evidence, the parties allege
that the other lacks sufficient evidence
✔✔Judgment notwithstanding the verdict (NOV) - ✔✔The judge may rule contrary to the
jury if the jury clearly reached the wrong verdict
✔✔When is a mistrial granted? - ✔✔If a major error or violation of the law or procedure
occurred during the trial
✔✔Who may appeal the final verdict? - ✔✔Either party can appeal on the basis that the
court committed an error of law.
✔✔Indictment - ✔✔Issued by a grand jury when it determines that enough evidence
exists for an arrest and trial
✔✔What happens to the defendant if they are arrested? - ✔✔The judge must determine
if there is enough probably cause for an arrest at a preliminary hearing.
If so, defendant must enter a plea at an arraignment
✔✔Plea bargain - ✔✔The defendant agrees to a lesser charge rather than face a trial
✔✔T/F: Burden of proof is a "preponderance of the evidence" in a criminal court
procedure - ✔✔FALSE. This is true for a *civil* court trial. For a criminal court trial,
burden of proof must be "beyond a reasonable doubt"
✔✔Case citation - ✔✔A record of court decisions.
Contains the following info:
-Names of the parties
-Which court decided the case
-Volume and page number where the case can be found
✔✔Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution - ✔✔Federal law will preempt state law
when the federal and state law conflict.
-Usually only happens when state law is less strict
✔✔Where does the federal authority to regulate drugs come from? - ✔✔The Interstate
Commerce Clause of the U.S. Constitution
✔✔Where does the state authority to regulate come from? - ✔✔The 10th Amendment,
under its inherent police powers
