ISSA NUTRITION EXAMINATION TEST 2025/2026
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS TAGGED A+
✔✔T/F: Energy balance is a multi factorial regulation process, much more complex than
food vs exercise - ✔✔True
✔✔During a calorie deficit, this form of exercise can help to retain lean muscle. -
✔✔resistance training
✔✔T/F: A simple way to shift your energy balance is to eat more or less - ✔✔True
✔✔A higher _________ meal will lead to a greater carbohydrate use during exercise.
On the contrary a higher ______ meal will lead to a greater fat use during exercise. -
✔✔Carbohydrate, fat/protein
✔✔Extreme energy imbalance can negatively affect: - ✔✔metabolic, reproduction,
cognitive functions
✔✔In highly active individuals, energy deficits can impair what? - ✔✔the resynthesis of
muscle gylcogen
✔✔T/F: Vitamins and minerals provide energy to the body - ✔✔False
✔✔Individuals experience a ________ decline in their resting metabolic rate with each
passing decade after 25 - ✔✔2-4%
✔✔T/F: Lower intensity activity offers very little in the way of muscle preservation -
✔✔True
✔✔Inadequate intake of dietary protein and fat compromises amino acid availability and
the ratio of which of the following hormones: - ✔✔anabolic and catabolic
✔✔_______ allow the nerve impulses that initiate muscle contraction to travel along the
sarcolmena: - ✔✔t-tubules
✔✔Why do muscle cells have numerous mitochondria - ✔✔muscle cells require large
amounts of energy transfer
✔✔MET is short for - ✔✔metabolic equivalent
✔✔What is the purpose of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption? - ✔✔metabolize
additional nutrients, replenish energy stores, reload depleted blood/muscle oxygen
,✔✔During a 200-400 meter run which energy system would be dominant? -
✔✔Glycolytic
✔✔When blood levels reach a certain point where the body cannot remove the lactate
at the same rate its being released this is known as? - ✔✔anabolic threshold
✔✔Oxidative energy transfer takes place in the __________ of our cells and utilizes a
combo of muscle glycogen, intramuscular fatty acids, free fatty acids, and amino acids. -
✔✔mitochondria
✔✔Why does capillarization occur in response to high levels of aerobic training? -
✔✔enhanced delivery of oxygen to muscle cells, enhances removal of co2 and waste
products, allows for transfer of heat away from muscles
✔✔T/F: when substrate is exhausted performance will suffer - ✔✔True
✔✔The hormone___________, when in the presence of adequate nutrient availability,
encourages the stimulation of protein synthesis and a positve nitrogen balance. This is
why post workout food intake is important - ✔✔insulin
✔✔Another positive response to exercise training is ____ can be more easily mobilized,
transported, taken up, and broken down. - ✔✔Fat
✔✔Starches, glycogen and fiber are - ✔✔polysaccharides
✔✔T/F: Dietary fiber is not digested or absorbed by humans - ✔✔True
✔✔The end products of starch digestion are always - ✔✔glucose monosaccharides
✔✔What monosaccharide is the primary source of energy and carbohydrate for liver
glycogen replenishment - ✔✔fructose
✔✔Lower glycemic index foods include - ✔✔legumes, whole grains, vegetables, fruit
✔✔In muscle and fat, glucose uptake is stimulated primarily by what hormone? -
✔✔Insulin
✔✔Glycogen _______ is the enzyme that catalyzes the addition of glucose to glycogen.
Glycogen __________ is the enzyme that removes glucose molecules from glycogen. -
✔✔synthase, phosphorylase
✔✔Rapid digesting carbohydrates can be beneficial when? - ✔✔after workouts
, ✔✔Getting adequate fiber from whole foods benefits: - ✔✔increased satiety, lowered
blood fats and cholesterol, reduced risk of colon cancer
✔✔Digesting of fats takes place predominately in - ✔✔small intestine
✔✔The end products of fat digestion are____________, which release into the
_____________ system. - ✔✔chylomicrons, lymphatic
✔✔Dietary fat intake provides two essential fatty acids the body cannot make itself: -
✔✔linoleic acid, linolenic acid
✔✔Excessive intake of saturated fats have been associated with: - ✔✔alzheimers, poor
blood viscosity, breast cancer
✔✔When too many omega-6 fats are in the diet, what mechanisms can predominate: -
✔✔blood clotting, vessel constriction, inflammation
✔✔A high trans-fat diet is associated with? - ✔✔alzheimers, lymphoma, increased
blood fat/cholesterol
✔✔Unlike fats and carbohydrates, proteins also contain? - ✔✔nitrogen
✔✔The process of protein digestion involved the breakdown of proteins into? - ✔✔small
peptides, amino acids
✔✔Primary site of amino acid uptake after a meal - ✔✔liver
✔✔The main roles of protein: - ✔✔export of plasma proteins, break down of amino
acids for energy, synthesis of enzymes and nitrogen containing chemicals
✔✔FAO and WHO recommend using ______ for regulatory purpoes. - ✔✔PDCAAS
✔✔Vitamins are essential to - ✔✔growth, digestion, energy transfer
✔✔What is the purpose of electrolytes - ✔✔establish fluid balance, regulate muscle
contraction, maintain electrochemical gradient
✔✔What molecules found in food can influence our ability to absorb minerals? -
✔✔phylates, oxylates
✔✔Every vitamin and mineral can be obtained through foods except - ✔✔B12
✔✔Found in vegetable oil, antioxidant, serves to scavenge free radicals. - ✔✔Vitamin E
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS TAGGED A+
✔✔T/F: Energy balance is a multi factorial regulation process, much more complex than
food vs exercise - ✔✔True
✔✔During a calorie deficit, this form of exercise can help to retain lean muscle. -
✔✔resistance training
✔✔T/F: A simple way to shift your energy balance is to eat more or less - ✔✔True
✔✔A higher _________ meal will lead to a greater carbohydrate use during exercise.
On the contrary a higher ______ meal will lead to a greater fat use during exercise. -
✔✔Carbohydrate, fat/protein
✔✔Extreme energy imbalance can negatively affect: - ✔✔metabolic, reproduction,
cognitive functions
✔✔In highly active individuals, energy deficits can impair what? - ✔✔the resynthesis of
muscle gylcogen
✔✔T/F: Vitamins and minerals provide energy to the body - ✔✔False
✔✔Individuals experience a ________ decline in their resting metabolic rate with each
passing decade after 25 - ✔✔2-4%
✔✔T/F: Lower intensity activity offers very little in the way of muscle preservation -
✔✔True
✔✔Inadequate intake of dietary protein and fat compromises amino acid availability and
the ratio of which of the following hormones: - ✔✔anabolic and catabolic
✔✔_______ allow the nerve impulses that initiate muscle contraction to travel along the
sarcolmena: - ✔✔t-tubules
✔✔Why do muscle cells have numerous mitochondria - ✔✔muscle cells require large
amounts of energy transfer
✔✔MET is short for - ✔✔metabolic equivalent
✔✔What is the purpose of excess post-exercise oxygen consumption? - ✔✔metabolize
additional nutrients, replenish energy stores, reload depleted blood/muscle oxygen
,✔✔During a 200-400 meter run which energy system would be dominant? -
✔✔Glycolytic
✔✔When blood levels reach a certain point where the body cannot remove the lactate
at the same rate its being released this is known as? - ✔✔anabolic threshold
✔✔Oxidative energy transfer takes place in the __________ of our cells and utilizes a
combo of muscle glycogen, intramuscular fatty acids, free fatty acids, and amino acids. -
✔✔mitochondria
✔✔Why does capillarization occur in response to high levels of aerobic training? -
✔✔enhanced delivery of oxygen to muscle cells, enhances removal of co2 and waste
products, allows for transfer of heat away from muscles
✔✔T/F: when substrate is exhausted performance will suffer - ✔✔True
✔✔The hormone___________, when in the presence of adequate nutrient availability,
encourages the stimulation of protein synthesis and a positve nitrogen balance. This is
why post workout food intake is important - ✔✔insulin
✔✔Another positive response to exercise training is ____ can be more easily mobilized,
transported, taken up, and broken down. - ✔✔Fat
✔✔Starches, glycogen and fiber are - ✔✔polysaccharides
✔✔T/F: Dietary fiber is not digested or absorbed by humans - ✔✔True
✔✔The end products of starch digestion are always - ✔✔glucose monosaccharides
✔✔What monosaccharide is the primary source of energy and carbohydrate for liver
glycogen replenishment - ✔✔fructose
✔✔Lower glycemic index foods include - ✔✔legumes, whole grains, vegetables, fruit
✔✔In muscle and fat, glucose uptake is stimulated primarily by what hormone? -
✔✔Insulin
✔✔Glycogen _______ is the enzyme that catalyzes the addition of glucose to glycogen.
Glycogen __________ is the enzyme that removes glucose molecules from glycogen. -
✔✔synthase, phosphorylase
✔✔Rapid digesting carbohydrates can be beneficial when? - ✔✔after workouts
, ✔✔Getting adequate fiber from whole foods benefits: - ✔✔increased satiety, lowered
blood fats and cholesterol, reduced risk of colon cancer
✔✔Digesting of fats takes place predominately in - ✔✔small intestine
✔✔The end products of fat digestion are____________, which release into the
_____________ system. - ✔✔chylomicrons, lymphatic
✔✔Dietary fat intake provides two essential fatty acids the body cannot make itself: -
✔✔linoleic acid, linolenic acid
✔✔Excessive intake of saturated fats have been associated with: - ✔✔alzheimers, poor
blood viscosity, breast cancer
✔✔When too many omega-6 fats are in the diet, what mechanisms can predominate: -
✔✔blood clotting, vessel constriction, inflammation
✔✔A high trans-fat diet is associated with? - ✔✔alzheimers, lymphoma, increased
blood fat/cholesterol
✔✔Unlike fats and carbohydrates, proteins also contain? - ✔✔nitrogen
✔✔The process of protein digestion involved the breakdown of proteins into? - ✔✔small
peptides, amino acids
✔✔Primary site of amino acid uptake after a meal - ✔✔liver
✔✔The main roles of protein: - ✔✔export of plasma proteins, break down of amino
acids for energy, synthesis of enzymes and nitrogen containing chemicals
✔✔FAO and WHO recommend using ______ for regulatory purpoes. - ✔✔PDCAAS
✔✔Vitamins are essential to - ✔✔growth, digestion, energy transfer
✔✔What is the purpose of electrolytes - ✔✔establish fluid balance, regulate muscle
contraction, maintain electrochemical gradient
✔✔What molecules found in food can influence our ability to absorb minerals? -
✔✔phylates, oxylates
✔✔Every vitamin and mineral can be obtained through foods except - ✔✔B12
✔✔Found in vegetable oil, antioxidant, serves to scavenge free radicals. - ✔✔Vitamin E
