1. A vegetarian is at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
A. Fiber
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. Vegetarians and
vegans may require supplementation.
2. A nurse is reviewing the lab values of a client who has iron deficiency
anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Increased hematocrit
B. Decreased ferritin
C. Elevated transferrin saturation
D. Increased hemoglobin
Answer: B. Decreased ferritin
Rationale: Ferritin reflects iron stores, and it is typically decreased in
iron deficiency anemia. Hemoglobin and hematocrit may also be low;
transferrin saturation is usually decreased, not elevated.
3. A client is receiving TPN. Which lab value should the nurse monitor
to assess glucose control?
A. BUN
B. Hemoglobin
C. Blood glucose
D. Sodium
Answer: C. Blood glucose
Rationale: TPN contains high glucose concentrations. Regular
monitoring of blood glucose is essential to avoid hyperglycemia.
4. A nurse is planning care for a client who is newly diagnosed with
,type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should be included in the
teaching plan?
A. “Avoid all carbohydrates.”
B. “Use regular soda to treat low blood sugar.”
C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
D. “Choose foods with high glycemic index.”
Answer: C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
Rationale: Consistent meal timing helps manage blood glucose levels
effectively. Carbs should be balanced, not eliminated.
5. What is a sign of vitamin A toxicity?
A. Night blindness
B. Dry skin
C. Nausea and liver damage
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Nausea and liver damage
Rationale: Excess vitamin A is toxic and can cause nausea, headaches,
and liver dysfunction.
6. Which of the following is an appropriate source of vitamin D?
A. Olive oil
B. Fortified milk
C. Egg whites
D. Spinach
Answer: B. Fortified milk
Rationale: Fortified dairy products are primary sources of vitamin D,
essential for calcium absorption.
7. A nurse is assessing a client who has dysphagia. Which of the
following interventions is appropriate?
A. Offer fluids through a straw
B. Provide thin liquids
C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
, D. Encourage self-feeding
Answer: C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
Rationale: Chin-tuck helps reduce aspiration risk. Thickened liquids are
usually safer than thin ones; straws can increase aspiration risk.
8. A client with dumping syndrome should be instructed to do which of
the following?
A. Eat three large meals per day
B. Drink fluids with meals
C. Increase simple sugars
D. Lie down after eating
Answer: D. Lie down after eating
Rationale: Lying down slows gastric emptying. Clients should also eat
small, frequent meals and avoid high-sugar foods and fluids with meals.
9. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
10. Which food should a nurse suggest for a client needing increased
dietary fiber?
A. White rice
B. Apples with skin
C. Chicken breast
D. Eggs
Answer: B. Apples with skin
Rationale: Whole fruits, especially with skin, are high in fiber. White
A. Fiber
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. Vegetarians and
vegans may require supplementation.
2. A nurse is reviewing the lab values of a client who has iron deficiency
anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Increased hematocrit
B. Decreased ferritin
C. Elevated transferrin saturation
D. Increased hemoglobin
Answer: B. Decreased ferritin
Rationale: Ferritin reflects iron stores, and it is typically decreased in
iron deficiency anemia. Hemoglobin and hematocrit may also be low;
transferrin saturation is usually decreased, not elevated.
3. A client is receiving TPN. Which lab value should the nurse monitor
to assess glucose control?
A. BUN
B. Hemoglobin
C. Blood glucose
D. Sodium
Answer: C. Blood glucose
Rationale: TPN contains high glucose concentrations. Regular
monitoring of blood glucose is essential to avoid hyperglycemia.
4. A nurse is planning care for a client who is newly diagnosed with
,type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should be included in the
teaching plan?
A. “Avoid all carbohydrates.”
B. “Use regular soda to treat low blood sugar.”
C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
D. “Choose foods with high glycemic index.”
Answer: C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
Rationale: Consistent meal timing helps manage blood glucose levels
effectively. Carbs should be balanced, not eliminated.
5. What is a sign of vitamin A toxicity?
A. Night blindness
B. Dry skin
C. Nausea and liver damage
D. Rickets
Answer: C. Nausea and liver damage
Rationale: Excess vitamin A is toxic and can cause nausea, headaches,
and liver dysfunction.
6. Which of the following is an appropriate source of vitamin D?
A. Olive oil
B. Fortified milk
C. Egg whites
D. Spinach
Answer: B. Fortified milk
Rationale: Fortified dairy products are primary sources of vitamin D,
essential for calcium absorption.
7. A nurse is assessing a client who has dysphagia. Which of the
following interventions is appropriate?
A. Offer fluids through a straw
B. Provide thin liquids
C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
, D. Encourage self-feeding
Answer: C. Instruct the client to tuck their chin when swallowing
Rationale: Chin-tuck helps reduce aspiration risk. Thickened liquids are
usually safer than thin ones; straws can increase aspiration risk.
8. A client with dumping syndrome should be instructed to do which of
the following?
A. Eat three large meals per day
B. Drink fluids with meals
C. Increase simple sugars
D. Lie down after eating
Answer: D. Lie down after eating
Rationale: Lying down slows gastric emptying. Clients should also eat
small, frequent meals and avoid high-sugar foods and fluids with meals.
9. Which finding suggests dehydration?
A. Moist mucous membranes
B. Bounding pulse
C. Decreased skin turgor
D. Weight gain
Answer: C. Decreased skin turgor
Rationale: Poor skin turgor is a classic sign of dehydration, especially
in older adults.
10. Which food should a nurse suggest for a client needing increased
dietary fiber?
A. White rice
B. Apples with skin
C. Chicken breast
D. Eggs
Answer: B. Apples with skin
Rationale: Whole fruits, especially with skin, are high in fiber. White
