TEST BANK FOR PEDIATRIC
n n n
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AN
n n n
ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 3RD
n n n
EDITION DUDERSTADT
n n
,Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
n n n n n n
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
n n n n n n n n n n
MULTIPLE CHOICE n
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best
n n n n n n n n n n n n
describes development in infants and children?
n n n n n n
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within n n n n n n n n n n
normal limits.
n n
b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development n n n n n n n n n
occurring first.
n n
d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth. n n n n n n n n
ANS: A n
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs
n n n n n n n n n n n n
function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization
n n n n n n n n n n n n
occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
predictable process with standard measurement methods.
n n n n n n
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
n n n n n n n
a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify
n n n n n n n n n
any delays or deficits.
n n n n
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
n n n n n n n n
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
n n n n n n
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
n n n n n n
,ANS: C n
Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing
n n n n n n n n n n n n
environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
n n n n n n n n n n
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
n n n n n n n n n n
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
ANS: C n
Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
n n n n n n n n n n
factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannot
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
throughout childhood.
n n
4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
n period of cognitive development.
n n n
a. sensorimotor
, b. formal operations n
c. concrete operations n
d. preoperational
ANS: C n
Concrete operations is the period of cognitive development in which childrens thinking is shifted
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
from egocentric to being able to see anothers point of view. They develop the ability to
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
distinguish fact from fantasy. The sensorimotor stage occurs in infancy and is a period of
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
reflexive behavior. During this period, the infants world becomes more permanent and
n n n n n n n n n n n n
organized. The stage ends with the infant demonstrating some evidence of reasoning. Formal
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
operations is a period in development in which new ideas are created through previous thoughts.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Analytic reason and abstract thought emerge in this period. The preoperational stage is a period
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
of egocentrism in which the childs judgments are illogical and dominated by magical thinking
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
and animism.
n n
5. The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts that need
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
resolution is:
n n
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS: A n
Erik Erikson viewed development as a series of conflicts affected by social and cultural factors.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Each conflict must be resolved for the child to progress emotionally, with unsuccessful
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
resolution leaving the child emotionally disabled. Sigmund Freud proposed a psychosexual
n n n n n n n n n n n
theory of development in which certain parts of the body assume psychological significance as
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
foci of sexual energy. The foci shift as the individual moves through the different stages (oral,
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
anal, phallic, latency, and genital) of development. Lawrence Kohlberg described moral
n n n n n n n n n n n
development as having three levels (preconventional, conventional, and postconventional). His
n n n n n n n n n n
Want nto nearn
$103 nper
month?
n n n
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AN
n n n
ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 3RD
n n n
EDITION DUDERSTADT
n n
,Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
n n n n n n
Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
n n n n n n n n n n
MULTIPLE CHOICE n
1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement best
n n n n n n n n n n n n
describes development in infants and children?
n n n n n n
a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates within n n n n n n n n n n
normal limits.
n n
b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle development n n n n n n n n n
occurring first.
n n
d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth. n n n n n n n n
ANS: A n
Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs
n n n n n n n n n n n n
function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can vary
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
normally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a definition
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
for growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization
n n n n n n n n n n n n
occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
is affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
predictable process with standard measurement methods.
n n n n n n
2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
n n n n n n n
a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to identify
n n n n n n n n n
any delays or deficits.
n n n n
b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
n n n n n n n n
c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
n n n n n n
d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
n n n n n n
,ANS: C n
Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing
n n n n n n n n n n n n
environment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
developmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
n n n n n n n n n n
3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
n n n n n n n n n n
a. Culture
b. Environment
c. Genetics
d. Nutrition
ANS: C n
Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
n n n n n n n n n n
factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
in determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannot
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
throughout childhood.
n n
4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact from fantasy is the
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
n period of cognitive development.
n n n
a. sensorimotor
, b. formal operations n
c. concrete operations n
d. preoperational
ANS: C n
Concrete operations is the period of cognitive development in which childrens thinking is shifted
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
from egocentric to being able to see anothers point of view. They develop the ability to
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
distinguish fact from fantasy. The sensorimotor stage occurs in infancy and is a period of
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
reflexive behavior. During this period, the infants world becomes more permanent and
n n n n n n n n n n n n
organized. The stage ends with the infant demonstrating some evidence of reasoning. Formal
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
operations is a period in development in which new ideas are created through previous thoughts.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Analytic reason and abstract thought emerge in this period. The preoperational stage is a period
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
of egocentrism in which the childs judgments are illogical and dominated by magical thinking
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
and animism.
n n
5. The theorist who viewed developmental progression as a lifelong series of conflicts that need
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
resolution is:
n n
a. Erikson.
b. Freud.
c. Kohlberg.
d. Piaget.
ANS: A n
Erik Erikson viewed development as a series of conflicts affected by social and cultural factors.
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
Each conflict must be resolved for the child to progress emotionally, with unsuccessful
n n n n n n n n n n n n n
resolution leaving the child emotionally disabled. Sigmund Freud proposed a psychosexual
n n n n n n n n n n n
theory of development in which certain parts of the body assume psychological significance as
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
foci of sexual energy. The foci shift as the individual moves through the different stages (oral,
n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n n
anal, phallic, latency, and genital) of development. Lawrence Kohlberg described moral
n n n n n n n n n n n
development as having three levels (preconventional, conventional, and postconventional). His
n n n n n n n n n n
Want nto nearn
$103 nper
month?
