2025 NGN HESI RN PHARMACOLOGY REAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND EXPLAINED
ANSWERS.100% ACCURATE AND COMPLETE.
Which of the following medications is contraindicated in clients with a history of peptic ulcer disease?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Aspirin
EXPLANATION->> Aspirin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can increase the risk of gastrointestinal
bleeding and should be avoided in clients with peptic ulcer disease.
Which of the following is a potential side effect of a proton pump inhibitor like omeprazole?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>C) Osteoporosis
EXPLANATION->> Long-term use of PPIs like omeprazole can decrease calcium absorption, leading to
an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Which of the following is an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors such as enalapril?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Hyperkalemia
EXPLANATION->> ACE inhibitors like enalapril can increase potassium levels, leading to hyperkalemia, which can be
dangerous.
What is the primary purpose of administering naloxone to a client?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) To treat an opioid overdose
EXPLANATION->> Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose,
particularly respiratory depression.
What is the most important nursing assessment for a client taking digoxin?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Serum potassium levels
EXPLANATION->> Digoxin toxicity can occur in the presence of hypokalemia, so monitoring serum potassium levels is
crucial.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving digoxin. What symptom should the nurse monitor for that could indicate digoxin
toxicity?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Nausea and vomiting
EXPLANATION->> Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of digoxin toxicity, which can also include arrhythmias
and visual disturbances.
Which of the following is a potential side effect of taking benzodiazepines like diazepam?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>C) Sedation
EXPLANATION->> Benzodiazepines have a sedative effect, which is why they are used to treat anxiety and sleep
disorders.
Which of the following medications is used to reverse the effects of heparin overdose?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Protamine sulfate
EXPLANATION->> Protamine sulfate is used to neutralize the effects of heparin and reverse its
anticoagulant effects.
Which of the following medications is classified as a beta- blocker?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Metoprolol
EXPLANATION->> Metoprolol is a beta-blocker, used primarily to treat hypertension and heart failure by blocking the
effects of adrenaline on beta receptors.
, A nurse is educating a client about taking warfarin. Which food should the nurse advise the client to limit to avoid
interfering with the effectiveness of warfarin?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Spinach
EXPLANATION->> Spinach is high in vitamin K, which can interfere with the anticoagulant effects of
warfarin. Clients should avoid large amounts of vitamin K-rich foods.
What is the primary therapeutic effect of lorazepam (Ativan)?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Anxiety reduction
EXPLANATION->> Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used primarily for its anxiolytic effects to reduce anxiety.
Which of the following is the primary use of metformin in diabetes management?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Decrease insulin resistance
EXPLANATION->> Metformin works by decreasing insulin resistance and lowering blood glucose levels in type 2
diabetes.
Which of the following medications is most commonly used to treat acute gout attacks?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Colchicine
EXPLANATION->> Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation associated with the condition.
A nurse is administering an inhaled corticosteroid like fluticasone. What is the most important instruction for the client?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Rinse the mouth after inhaling the medication
EXPLANATION->> Rinsing the mouth after using inhaled corticosteroids helps prevent oral candidiasis
(thrush), a common side effect.
Which of the following is an expected effect of glucocorticoids like prednisone?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Decreased immune function
EXPLANATION->> Glucocorticoids suppress the immune system and can lead to increased susceptibility
to infections.
A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy with a medication like cyclophosphamide. Which of the following
side effects should the nurse monitor for?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Alopecia
EXPLANATION->> Chemotherapy medications like cyclophosphamide often cause hair loss (alopecia) as a side effect.
A nurse is caring for a client receiving albuterol. What should the nurse monitor for as a potential side effect of this
medication?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>C) Tachycardia
EXPLANATION->> Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist used to treat asthma, and a common side effect is tachycardia.
What is the primary action of calcium channel blockers like amlodipine?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Dilate blood vessels
EXPLANATION->> Calcium channel blockers like amlodipine work by blocking calcium ions from entering smooth
muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and lowered blood pressure.
A client is prescribed a thiazide diuretic for hypertension. What is an expected side effect of this medication?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Hypokalemia
EXPLANATION->> Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide can lead to potassium loss, which may
cause hypokalemia.
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND EXPLAINED
ANSWERS.100% ACCURATE AND COMPLETE.
Which of the following medications is contraindicated in clients with a history of peptic ulcer disease?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Aspirin
EXPLANATION->> Aspirin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), can increase the risk of gastrointestinal
bleeding and should be avoided in clients with peptic ulcer disease.
Which of the following is a potential side effect of a proton pump inhibitor like omeprazole?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>C) Osteoporosis
EXPLANATION->> Long-term use of PPIs like omeprazole can decrease calcium absorption, leading to
an increased risk of osteoporosis.
Which of the following is an adverse effect of ACE inhibitors such as enalapril?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Hyperkalemia
EXPLANATION->> ACE inhibitors like enalapril can increase potassium levels, leading to hyperkalemia, which can be
dangerous.
What is the primary purpose of administering naloxone to a client?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) To treat an opioid overdose
EXPLANATION->> Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose,
particularly respiratory depression.
What is the most important nursing assessment for a client taking digoxin?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Serum potassium levels
EXPLANATION->> Digoxin toxicity can occur in the presence of hypokalemia, so monitoring serum potassium levels is
crucial.
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving digoxin. What symptom should the nurse monitor for that could indicate digoxin
toxicity?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Nausea and vomiting
EXPLANATION->> Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of digoxin toxicity, which can also include arrhythmias
and visual disturbances.
Which of the following is a potential side effect of taking benzodiazepines like diazepam?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>C) Sedation
EXPLANATION->> Benzodiazepines have a sedative effect, which is why they are used to treat anxiety and sleep
disorders.
Which of the following medications is used to reverse the effects of heparin overdose?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Protamine sulfate
EXPLANATION->> Protamine sulfate is used to neutralize the effects of heparin and reverse its
anticoagulant effects.
Which of the following medications is classified as a beta- blocker?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Metoprolol
EXPLANATION->> Metoprolol is a beta-blocker, used primarily to treat hypertension and heart failure by blocking the
effects of adrenaline on beta receptors.
, A nurse is educating a client about taking warfarin. Which food should the nurse advise the client to limit to avoid
interfering with the effectiveness of warfarin?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Spinach
EXPLANATION->> Spinach is high in vitamin K, which can interfere with the anticoagulant effects of
warfarin. Clients should avoid large amounts of vitamin K-rich foods.
What is the primary therapeutic effect of lorazepam (Ativan)?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Anxiety reduction
EXPLANATION->> Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine used primarily for its anxiolytic effects to reduce anxiety.
Which of the following is the primary use of metformin in diabetes management?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>A) Decrease insulin resistance
EXPLANATION->> Metformin works by decreasing insulin resistance and lowering blood glucose levels in type 2
diabetes.
Which of the following medications is most commonly used to treat acute gout attacks?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Colchicine
EXPLANATION->> Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation associated with the condition.
A nurse is administering an inhaled corticosteroid like fluticasone. What is the most important instruction for the client?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Rinse the mouth after inhaling the medication
EXPLANATION->> Rinsing the mouth after using inhaled corticosteroids helps prevent oral candidiasis
(thrush), a common side effect.
Which of the following is an expected effect of glucocorticoids like prednisone?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Decreased immune function
EXPLANATION->> Glucocorticoids suppress the immune system and can lead to increased susceptibility
to infections.
A nurse is caring for a client receiving chemotherapy with a medication like cyclophosphamide. Which of the following
side effects should the nurse monitor for?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Alopecia
EXPLANATION->> Chemotherapy medications like cyclophosphamide often cause hair loss (alopecia) as a side effect.
A nurse is caring for a client receiving albuterol. What should the nurse monitor for as a potential side effect of this
medication?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>C) Tachycardia
EXPLANATION->> Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist used to treat asthma, and a common side effect is tachycardia.
What is the primary action of calcium channel blockers like amlodipine?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Dilate blood vessels
EXPLANATION->> Calcium channel blockers like amlodipine work by blocking calcium ions from entering smooth
muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and lowered blood pressure.
A client is prescribed a thiazide diuretic for hypertension. What is an expected side effect of this medication?
-CORRECT ANSWER->>B) Hypokalemia
EXPLANATION->> Thiazide diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide can lead to potassium loss, which may
cause hypokalemia.
