GALEN NUR 210 EXAM 1
MODULES 1-3 WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025 GRADED A+
Pharmacokinetics correct answers >> The process in
which medications move through the body
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics? correct
answers >> absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion
Absorption correct answers >> happens with drug
movement from the GI tract into the bloodstream. Most
meds are taken by mouth.
Oral absorption correct answers >> Takes awhile to
get absorbed because it has to go through the GI system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
can not crush pill
•Extended release
,absorbed in the small intestine
IM absorption correct answers >> Absorbed 1-2 hours
IV absorption correct answers >> Absorbed 30-60
minutes
dissolution correct answers >> Dissolution happens
when a po medication breaks down into particles,
disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid so
absorption from the GI tract into the bloodstream occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food
can interfere with the absorption of drugs.
Drugs that resist dissolution correct answers >>
Parenteral medications (SL, eyedrops, inhalants,
transdermal) do not pass through the GI tract.
Enteric coated medications are designed to resist
disintegration until the pill reaches the small intestine. EC
and sustained release meds should not be crushed.
Factors that affect absorption correct answers >>
•Lack of muscle and increased fat changes medicine
absorption
•Food consumption - will change medicine potency
(delayed)
,•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
•Antacid changes absorption
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
Excipients correct answers >> Fillers and other
substances that make up tablets as a pill is not 100%
drug.
Sometimes an excipient enhances the absorption of a
drug such as with PCN, which is not well absorbed from
the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will
increase the absorption of PCN
first pass effect correct answers >> •the oral drugs go
to liver via portal vein where some of the drug becomes
inactive
•Only happens with oral medications
delayed gastric emptying correct answers >> Food
doesn't move like it should
Distribution correct answers >> refers to the
movement of the drug from the circulation to body
tissues
, Factors affecting distribution correct answers >> -
blood flow to tissues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
protein binding correct answers >> Drugs bind with
proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are
weakly protein bound
free drugs correct answers >> drugs not bound to
protein
Drug Toxicity correct answers >> -Two highly protein
bound drugs compete and one might accumulate and
cause a toxicity
-it is important to know if you are administering highly
protein bound medications and monitor albumin levels in
patients with liver or kidney disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include:
Warfarin
Furosemide
Diazepam
MODULES 1-3 WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025 GRADED A+
Pharmacokinetics correct answers >> The process in
which medications move through the body
What are the 4 phases of pharmacokinetics? correct
answers >> absorption, distribution, metabolism,
excretion
Absorption correct answers >> happens with drug
movement from the GI tract into the bloodstream. Most
meds are taken by mouth.
Oral absorption correct answers >> Takes awhile to
get absorbed because it has to go through the GI system
Usually takes 2-4 hours
•Enteric coated
aspirin - hard on stomach
can not crush pill
•Extended release
,absorbed in the small intestine
IM absorption correct answers >> Absorbed 1-2 hours
IV absorption correct answers >> Absorbed 30-60
minutes
dissolution correct answers >> Dissolution happens
when a po medication breaks down into particles,
disintegrates, and dissolves to combine with liquid so
absorption from the GI tract into the bloodstream occurs.
Liquid medications are absorbed faster than solids. Food
can interfere with the absorption of drugs.
Drugs that resist dissolution correct answers >>
Parenteral medications (SL, eyedrops, inhalants,
transdermal) do not pass through the GI tract.
Enteric coated medications are designed to resist
disintegration until the pill reaches the small intestine. EC
and sustained release meds should not be crushed.
Factors that affect absorption correct answers >>
•Lack of muscle and increased fat changes medicine
absorption
•Food consumption - will change medicine potency
(delayed)
,•Stress - Exercise, medicine goes to muscle
•pH - Medicine is made for acidic environments
•Antacid changes absorption
•Taken alone so it doesn't change the action
Excipients correct answers >> Fillers and other
substances that make up tablets as a pill is not 100%
drug.
Sometimes an excipient enhances the absorption of a
drug such as with PCN, which is not well absorbed from
the GI tract.
Adding Na to PCN, which makes it penicillin sodium, will
increase the absorption of PCN
first pass effect correct answers >> •the oral drugs go
to liver via portal vein where some of the drug becomes
inactive
•Only happens with oral medications
delayed gastric emptying correct answers >> Food
doesn't move like it should
Distribution correct answers >> refers to the
movement of the drug from the circulation to body
tissues
, Factors affecting distribution correct answers >> -
blood flow to tissues
-protein binding
-blood brain barrier
-drug's affinity to the tissue
protein binding correct answers >> Drugs bind with
proteins in blood
Some drugs are highly protein bound and other are
weakly protein bound
free drugs correct answers >> drugs not bound to
protein
Drug Toxicity correct answers >> -Two highly protein
bound drugs compete and one might accumulate and
cause a toxicity
-it is important to know if you are administering highly
protein bound medications and monitor albumin levels in
patients with liver or kidney disease.
-Some drugs that are highly protein bound include:
Warfarin
Furosemide
Diazepam
