NUSCTX 104
NUSCTX 104 Final Exam Questions and
Answers 2025
Nutrigenomics -Answer- ✔The relationship between genes and diet
Diet -Answer- ✔Individually what someone eats
Cuisine -Answer- ✔Collectively what a population eats
Physical Environment -Answer- ✔Why do we grow what we do? Climate, soil, water,
plant life, animal life.
Socioeconomic environment -Answer- ✔Broader economic and political environment
affects access to food.
Sociocultural Environment -Answer- ✔Technology, social organization, and ideology
Technology -Answer- ✔A society's technology interacts with other aspects of culture (ex.
fire)
Social Organization -Answer- ✔Norms that regulate relationships and, in turn, access to
food.
Family -Answer- ✔Important economic unit responsible for producing and distributing
food.
NUSCTX 104
,NUSCTX 104
Ideology -Answer- ✔Accepted definition of what is food. Possibly shaped by religion,
symbolism.
Sodium intake -Answer- ✔High and very low sodium intake correlated with CVD
Evolution -Answer- ✔Developing a new characteristic
Adaptation -Answer- ✔Fine-tuning a characteristic
Humans are... -Answer- ✔Opportunistic omnivores
SAD -Answer- ✔Standard American Diet: Processed foods, added sugars, sedentary
lifestyle, high levels of omega-6 vs omega-3.
Microbiome -Answer- ✔Gut bacteria that have evolved with human and dietary
evolution. Symbiotic relationship.
Evolution of humans -Answer- ✔C/N isotopes in bones and teeth, tooth morphology,
dietary behavior of other primates, bones/shells next to hominid bones, locomotion and
skeletal anatomy.
Ardipithecus group -Answer- ✔7-4 mya, closest link to other primates
Australopithecus group -Answer- ✔4-2 mya, walked upright regularly, climbed trees
Parathropus group -Answer- ✔3-1 mya, large teeth, powerful jaws
NUSCTX 104
, NUSCTX 104
Homo group -Answer- ✔2.5 mya, larger brains, tools, expanded beyond Africa
The Expensive Tissue hypothesis -Answer- ✔Big brains, small guts: Brains are greedy for
glucose, human brain uses 20% of BMR
Man-the-Hunter hypothesis -Answer- ✔Human physiology started to change about 2
mya due to increased caloric density from meat
The Cooking hypothesis -Answer- ✔Cooking increases overall energy obtained from that
food by making digestion easier
Homo sapiens -Answer- ✔200,000ya-present, Africa to worldwide, lived through
Paleolithic area
Paleolithic era -Answer- ✔2.5mya-12,000ya, characterized by development of stone
tools, hunter-gatherer societies, low population density.
Neolithic era -Answer- ✔12,000ya, aka "agricultural revolution" domestication of plants
and animals
Agricultural revolution dietary changes -Answer- ✔Lead to population explosion, but
also less diverse diet which leads to difficulty achieving balance, nutritional deficiencies,
risk of famine, infectious diseases, social inequality.
Neolithic era social changes -Answer- ✔Population growth, larger group settlements ->
social interaction, not everyone had to be involved in getting food, food trade
NUSCTX 104
NUSCTX 104 Final Exam Questions and
Answers 2025
Nutrigenomics -Answer- ✔The relationship between genes and diet
Diet -Answer- ✔Individually what someone eats
Cuisine -Answer- ✔Collectively what a population eats
Physical Environment -Answer- ✔Why do we grow what we do? Climate, soil, water,
plant life, animal life.
Socioeconomic environment -Answer- ✔Broader economic and political environment
affects access to food.
Sociocultural Environment -Answer- ✔Technology, social organization, and ideology
Technology -Answer- ✔A society's technology interacts with other aspects of culture (ex.
fire)
Social Organization -Answer- ✔Norms that regulate relationships and, in turn, access to
food.
Family -Answer- ✔Important economic unit responsible for producing and distributing
food.
NUSCTX 104
,NUSCTX 104
Ideology -Answer- ✔Accepted definition of what is food. Possibly shaped by religion,
symbolism.
Sodium intake -Answer- ✔High and very low sodium intake correlated with CVD
Evolution -Answer- ✔Developing a new characteristic
Adaptation -Answer- ✔Fine-tuning a characteristic
Humans are... -Answer- ✔Opportunistic omnivores
SAD -Answer- ✔Standard American Diet: Processed foods, added sugars, sedentary
lifestyle, high levels of omega-6 vs omega-3.
Microbiome -Answer- ✔Gut bacteria that have evolved with human and dietary
evolution. Symbiotic relationship.
Evolution of humans -Answer- ✔C/N isotopes in bones and teeth, tooth morphology,
dietary behavior of other primates, bones/shells next to hominid bones, locomotion and
skeletal anatomy.
Ardipithecus group -Answer- ✔7-4 mya, closest link to other primates
Australopithecus group -Answer- ✔4-2 mya, walked upright regularly, climbed trees
Parathropus group -Answer- ✔3-1 mya, large teeth, powerful jaws
NUSCTX 104
, NUSCTX 104
Homo group -Answer- ✔2.5 mya, larger brains, tools, expanded beyond Africa
The Expensive Tissue hypothesis -Answer- ✔Big brains, small guts: Brains are greedy for
glucose, human brain uses 20% of BMR
Man-the-Hunter hypothesis -Answer- ✔Human physiology started to change about 2
mya due to increased caloric density from meat
The Cooking hypothesis -Answer- ✔Cooking increases overall energy obtained from that
food by making digestion easier
Homo sapiens -Answer- ✔200,000ya-present, Africa to worldwide, lived through
Paleolithic area
Paleolithic era -Answer- ✔2.5mya-12,000ya, characterized by development of stone
tools, hunter-gatherer societies, low population density.
Neolithic era -Answer- ✔12,000ya, aka "agricultural revolution" domestication of plants
and animals
Agricultural revolution dietary changes -Answer- ✔Lead to population explosion, but
also less diverse diet which leads to difficulty achieving balance, nutritional deficiencies,
risk of famine, infectious diseases, social inequality.
Neolithic era social changes -Answer- ✔Population growth, larger group settlements ->
social interaction, not everyone had to be involved in getting food, food trade
NUSCTX 104
