BIOD 171 Microbiology Module 1 - 6EXAM
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Terms in this set (176)
The study of microbes and their biological processes
Microbiology
at the micro (microscopic) level.
1. A general term that includes microorganisms and
viruses; an organism or virus too small to be seen
without a microscope
2. Beneficial when aiding in food digestion to
Microbes protecting us when we are exposed to potentially
harmful foreign invaders to helping crops grow
3. Detrimental when harmful strains of bacteria,
fungi, protozoa, and viruses kill millions of people
each year and sicken even more
1. Usually consist of a single cell
Microorganisms 2. Examples: bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa,
and algae
, 1. The most common distinction between living
organisms
2. Prokaryotic cells (before kernel) lack a nucleus,
whereas eukaryotic cells (true kernel) have a defined
nuclear region
Prokaryotic or eukaryotic
3. Difference: size, complexity, unicellular or
multicellular, abundance, examples, nucleus & DNA,
and membrane-bound organelles
4. Similarity: macromolecules, plasma membrane,
cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes
1. Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
2. The first two categories are prokaryotic
3 classifications of life
microorganisms that are different in cellular
composition
1. Morphologies: coccus (round/spherical), bacillus
(rod), vibrio (curved rod), or spirillum
(spiral/corkscrew).
2. Cellular organization: isolated (individual) cells, in
Bacteria (Prokaryotes)
chains, or in clusters
3. Examples: Streptococcus (round chains); E. coli
(rod); Mycobacterium tuberculosis (a unicellular
bacterium)
1. Also referred to as extremophiles
2. Survive in extremely harsh environmental
Archaea (Prokaryotes)
conditions, such as high salt levels, acid conditions,
high temperatures, and oxygen-poor conditions
Eukarya Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista
1. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms includes animals
and humans
Animalia
2. Heterotrophic and the general characteristic of
motility
Incapable of producing one's own energy, must
Heterotrophic
absorb (consume) nutrients from the environment
, 1. Multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls made of
cellulose
Plantae
2. Obtain most energy from sunlight via
photosynthesis - autotrophic
A process that converts light energy (sunlight) into
chemical energy (sugars) within the organism and
Photosynthesis fuels its activities.
The process of capturing sunlight and converting it
into the usable energy sources ATP and NADPH.
1. Either multicellular or unicellular microorganisms
2. Heterotrophic and the presence of chitin (a
derivative of glucose) in cell walls
Fungi
3. Examples of multicellular fungi are molds and
mushrooms; the most common unicellular fungus is
yeast
1. Unicellular microorganisms
2. May form as colonies (seemingly multicellular but
do not form tissue layers and thus retain the
Protista
unicellular classification)
3. Examples: amoeba (motility); algae (plant-like
characteristics); mold (fungi-like properties).
1. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic
2. Not considered living and do not replicate on
Viruses their own (only within a host)
3. Contain a capsid, a membrane-like structure that
contains genetic material, similar to the nucleus
LATEST 2025 WITH CORRECT QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS/ALREADY GRADED A+
Save
Terms in this set (176)
The study of microbes and their biological processes
Microbiology
at the micro (microscopic) level.
1. A general term that includes microorganisms and
viruses; an organism or virus too small to be seen
without a microscope
2. Beneficial when aiding in food digestion to
Microbes protecting us when we are exposed to potentially
harmful foreign invaders to helping crops grow
3. Detrimental when harmful strains of bacteria,
fungi, protozoa, and viruses kill millions of people
each year and sicken even more
1. Usually consist of a single cell
Microorganisms 2. Examples: bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa,
and algae
, 1. The most common distinction between living
organisms
2. Prokaryotic cells (before kernel) lack a nucleus,
whereas eukaryotic cells (true kernel) have a defined
nuclear region
Prokaryotic or eukaryotic
3. Difference: size, complexity, unicellular or
multicellular, abundance, examples, nucleus & DNA,
and membrane-bound organelles
4. Similarity: macromolecules, plasma membrane,
cytosol, chromosomes, and ribosomes
1. Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
2. The first two categories are prokaryotic
3 classifications of life
microorganisms that are different in cellular
composition
1. Morphologies: coccus (round/spherical), bacillus
(rod), vibrio (curved rod), or spirillum
(spiral/corkscrew).
2. Cellular organization: isolated (individual) cells, in
Bacteria (Prokaryotes)
chains, or in clusters
3. Examples: Streptococcus (round chains); E. coli
(rod); Mycobacterium tuberculosis (a unicellular
bacterium)
1. Also referred to as extremophiles
2. Survive in extremely harsh environmental
Archaea (Prokaryotes)
conditions, such as high salt levels, acid conditions,
high temperatures, and oxygen-poor conditions
Eukarya Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista
1. Multicellular eukaryotic organisms includes animals
and humans
Animalia
2. Heterotrophic and the general characteristic of
motility
Incapable of producing one's own energy, must
Heterotrophic
absorb (consume) nutrients from the environment
, 1. Multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls made of
cellulose
Plantae
2. Obtain most energy from sunlight via
photosynthesis - autotrophic
A process that converts light energy (sunlight) into
chemical energy (sugars) within the organism and
Photosynthesis fuels its activities.
The process of capturing sunlight and converting it
into the usable energy sources ATP and NADPH.
1. Either multicellular or unicellular microorganisms
2. Heterotrophic and the presence of chitin (a
derivative of glucose) in cell walls
Fungi
3. Examples of multicellular fungi are molds and
mushrooms; the most common unicellular fungus is
yeast
1. Unicellular microorganisms
2. May form as colonies (seemingly multicellular but
do not form tissue layers and thus retain the
Protista
unicellular classification)
3. Examples: amoeba (motility); algae (plant-like
characteristics); mold (fungi-like properties).
1. Neither prokaryotic nor eukaryotic
2. Not considered living and do not replicate on
Viruses their own (only within a host)
3. Contain a capsid, a membrane-like structure that
contains genetic material, similar to the nucleus
