2
BIO 669 Neuro I exam with verified
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answers
3 components of a neuron - Correct answers ✔cell body/soma, dendrites, axons
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Densely packed cell bodies in the CNS are ______________. - Correct answers ✔nuclei
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Densely packed cell bodies in the PNS are _____________. - Correct answers ✔ganglia
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_______________ are the receiving part of the neuron. They receive incoming signals
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and send signals to the neuron ____ ________. They eventually converge into the
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___________ ____________. - Correct answers ✔Dendrites, cell body, axon hillock
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_____________ are able to be affected by external stimuli. - Correct answers
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✔Dendrites
_________- take the signal to the end of the cell and carry impulses AWAY from the
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cell body toward another neuron or effector. - Correct answers ✔axons
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The ____________ ___________ is a cone-shape where the axon leaves the cell body.
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The axon hillock determines whether there is enough ____________ ______________
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_______________ to develop and sustain an AP to send down the axon hillock. -
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Correct answers ✔axon hillock, excitatory graded potentials
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As dendrites bring signals into the ___________ ____ _______ some may be
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_____________-more likely to generate signal or ____________-prevent signal from || || || || || || || || ||
being developed. - Correct answers ✔neuron cell body, excitatory, inhibitory
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,2
The initial segment of the axon is the area of the axon having the _________
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threshold for stimulation, so the AP ________ at this point. - Correct answers
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✔lowest, begin ||
During the __________ state, an imbalance of ions is created and maintained by ion
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pumps and lack of permeability to ions. - Correct answers ✔resting state
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The concentration of ions are given in ___. The separation or _______________ of ions
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and charges creates an ____________ _____________. Little to no difference in
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charges between inside and outside __________________. - Correct answers
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✔mOsm,mM
polarization
electrical potential ||
depolarization
The __________ __________ refers to the inside of the cell, a -70mV -the charge
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associated with the inside of the cell means that the inside aka the ____________ is
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more __________ than the extracellular environment. - Correct answers ✔membrane
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potential, cytoplasm, more negative
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The inside of the cell is __________ charged and the outside of the cell is
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_____________ charged. The different in charges is found at the ______________ not
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the cell as a whole. What ions cause this difference? - Correct answers ✔negatively,
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positively
membrane, K & Na but mostly Na || || || || || ||
Which way would K & Na move if left to diffusion and the membrane were
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permeable? - Correct answers ✔High to low if left solely to diffusion.
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, 2
IF there is 150 mM Na and 5mM K outside the cell and 15 mM Na and 150 mM K
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inside, why would they not diffuse equally fast across the membrane? - Correct
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answers ✔There are two forces acting on the ions. Iff both Na & K were fully
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
permeable, there would be a lot more Na move in than K move out bc the 2nd thing
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to help drive these ions is the cell charges. Since the inside of the cell is negative, it
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
lends an additional force to move the Na in and retain K.
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The _____________ ______________ is used to describe the forces affecting ion
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
movement if allowed to become permeable to a membrane. ___________ gradients
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move from high to low concentration, thus becoming more ___________ aka a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
_________ energy state. - Correct answers ✔electrochemical gradient, Chemical,
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random, lower energy state || || ||
___________ gradients where opposite charges attract, similar charges repel which can
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set up a force to move charged particles. ____________ are charges separated by a
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membrane and are measured in _______ - Correct answers ✔Electrical gradients-where
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opposite charges attract,
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potentials
volts, mV ||
_________ __________ __________ is the result of retained proteins within the cell
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and ions mostly Na & K, creating ____________- gradients resulting in a relatively
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________ charge within the inner aspect of the plasma membrane. - Correct answers
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔Resting membrane potential || ||
electrochemical
negative
Na is _________ charged and attracted to a ______ environment inside the cell. It also
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has a high ____________ gradient helping to pull Na _____ as well. Both forces help
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to favor movement of Na _______ the cell. - Correct answers ✔Na is postitively
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charged, negative ||
concentration, in, into || ||
BIO 669 Neuro I exam with verified
|| || || || || || ||
answers
3 components of a neuron - Correct answers ✔cell body/soma, dendrites, axons
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
Densely packed cell bodies in the CNS are ______________. - Correct answers ✔nuclei
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
Densely packed cell bodies in the PNS are _____________. - Correct answers ✔ganglia
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
_______________ are the receiving part of the neuron. They receive incoming signals
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
and send signals to the neuron ____ ________. They eventually converge into the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
___________ ____________. - Correct answers ✔Dendrites, cell body, axon hillock
|| || || || || || || || ||
_____________ are able to be affected by external stimuli. - Correct answers
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔Dendrites
_________- take the signal to the end of the cell and carry impulses AWAY from the
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
cell body toward another neuron or effector. - Correct answers ✔axons
|| || || || || || || || || ||
The ____________ ___________ is a cone-shape where the axon leaves the cell body.
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
The axon hillock determines whether there is enough ____________ ______________
|| || || || || || || || || ||
_______________ to develop and sustain an AP to send down the axon hillock. -
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
Correct answers ✔axon hillock, excitatory graded potentials
|| || || || || ||
As dendrites bring signals into the ___________ ____ _______ some may be
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
_____________-more likely to generate signal or ____________-prevent signal from || || || || || || || || ||
being developed. - Correct answers ✔neuron cell body, excitatory, inhibitory
|| || || || || || || || ||
,2
The initial segment of the axon is the area of the axon having the _________
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
threshold for stimulation, so the AP ________ at this point. - Correct answers
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔lowest, begin ||
During the __________ state, an imbalance of ions is created and maintained by ion
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
pumps and lack of permeability to ions. - Correct answers ✔resting state
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
The concentration of ions are given in ___. The separation or _______________ of ions
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
and charges creates an ____________ _____________. Little to no difference in
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
charges between inside and outside __________________. - Correct answers
|| || || || || || || || ||
✔mOsm,mM
polarization
electrical potential ||
depolarization
The __________ __________ refers to the inside of the cell, a -70mV -the charge
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
associated with the inside of the cell means that the inside aka the ____________ is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
more __________ than the extracellular environment. - Correct answers ✔membrane
|| || || || || || || || || ||
potential, cytoplasm, more negative
|| || ||
The inside of the cell is __________ charged and the outside of the cell is
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
_____________ charged. The different in charges is found at the ______________ not
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
the cell as a whole. What ions cause this difference? - Correct answers ✔negatively,
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
positively
membrane, K & Na but mostly Na || || || || || ||
Which way would K & Na move if left to diffusion and the membrane were
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
permeable? - Correct answers ✔High to low if left solely to diffusion.
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
, 2
IF there is 150 mM Na and 5mM K outside the cell and 15 mM Na and 150 mM K
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
inside, why would they not diffuse equally fast across the membrane? - Correct
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
answers ✔There are two forces acting on the ions. Iff both Na & K were fully
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
permeable, there would be a lot more Na move in than K move out bc the 2nd thing
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to help drive these ions is the cell charges. Since the inside of the cell is negative, it
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
lends an additional force to move the Na in and retain K.
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
The _____________ ______________ is used to describe the forces affecting ion
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
movement if allowed to become permeable to a membrane. ___________ gradients
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
move from high to low concentration, thus becoming more ___________ aka a
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
_________ energy state. - Correct answers ✔electrochemical gradient, Chemical,
|| || || || || || || || ||
random, lower energy state || || ||
___________ gradients where opposite charges attract, similar charges repel which can
|| || || || || || || || || || ||
set up a force to move charged particles. ____________ are charges separated by a
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
membrane and are measured in _______ - Correct answers ✔Electrical gradients-where
|| || || || || || || || || ||
opposite charges attract,
|| || || ||
potentials
volts, mV ||
_________ __________ __________ is the result of retained proteins within the cell
|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
and ions mostly Na & K, creating ____________- gradients resulting in a relatively
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
________ charge within the inner aspect of the plasma membrane. - Correct answers
|| || || || || || || || || || || || ||
✔Resting membrane potential || ||
electrochemical
negative
Na is _________ charged and attracted to a ______ environment inside the cell. It also
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
has a high ____________ gradient helping to pull Na _____ as well. Both forces help
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
to favor movement of Na _______ the cell. - Correct answers ✔Na is postitively
|| || || || || || || || || || || || || ||
charged, negative ||
concentration, in, into || ||
