GNRS 515 Patho Exam 1 ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Cellular Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Atrophy: decrease in cell size
2.Hypertrophy: increase in cell size
3.Hyperplasia: increase in cell number
4. Metaplasia: reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type
5.Dysplasia (atypical hyperplasia): deranged cellular growth (size, shape, and organization)
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER Reversible replacement of one cell by another cell
type
Bronchial metaplasia: (in smokers)
- normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells, are replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells
(no mucus secretion, no cilia)
- Can be reversed
- Can be transformed into cancer
Barrett esophagus:
- normal squamous epithelial lining of the esophagus, is replaced by columnar epithelium
(goblet cells of the intestines)
- occurs as an adaptation to the chronic irritation of GERD
- predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma
Non-dividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not hyperplasia
,A.True
B.False - CORRECT ANSWER A.True
Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation
A.True
B.False - CORRECT ANSWER B.False
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together.
A.True
B.False - CORRECT ANSWER B.False
A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal columnar
ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells. The man is
correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking
A.True
B.False - CORRECT ANSWER A.True
Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but more commonly become malignant.
A.True
B.False - CORRECT ANSWER A.True
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
A.Hyperplasia
B.Metaplasia
,C.Dysplasia
D.Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B.Metaplasia
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:
A.compensatory hyperplasia
B.hormonal hyperplasia
C.hormonal anaplasia
D.hormonal dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B.hormonal hyperplasia
When the heart's workload increases, what changes occur to the myocardial cells?
A.They divide
B.They increase in size
C.They increase in number
D.They undergo metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B.They increase in size
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen; this is an
example of hormonal:
A.hyperplasia.
B.dysplasia.
C.Hypertrophy
D.Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER A.hyperplasia.
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:
A.dysplasia.
B.pathologic dysplasia
, C.Hyperplasia
D.pathologic hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER D.pathologic hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to ______________ of the remaining liver cells
A.dysplasia
B.metaplasia
C.compensatory hyperplasia
D.compensatory dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER C.compensatory hyperplasia
Manifestations of cellular injury - CORRECT ANSWER Water
-Cause: Hypoxia, reduced ATP, increased intracellular Na
-Ex: Early in cell injury
Lipids
-Cause: Imbalance in production, utilization, or mobilization of lipids
-Ex: Tay-Sachs disease, Gaucher disease, Fatty liver
Carbohydrates
-Cause: Mucopolysaccharides accumulation in RECs, and fibroblasts, Glycogen accumulates
in cells of diabetic patients or genetically induced
-Ex: Mucopolysaccharidosis, Glycogen storage disease
Proteins
-Cause: Accumulation in B lymphocytes
-Ex: Multiple myeloma
Pigments
-Cause: Melanin in excess in skin cells, Bilirubin in excess causes jaundice
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Cellular Adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Atrophy: decrease in cell size
2.Hypertrophy: increase in cell size
3.Hyperplasia: increase in cell number
4. Metaplasia: reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another less mature cell type
5.Dysplasia (atypical hyperplasia): deranged cellular growth (size, shape, and organization)
Metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER Reversible replacement of one cell by another cell
type
Bronchial metaplasia: (in smokers)
- normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells, are replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells
(no mucus secretion, no cilia)
- Can be reversed
- Can be transformed into cancer
Barrett esophagus:
- normal squamous epithelial lining of the esophagus, is replaced by columnar epithelium
(goblet cells of the intestines)
- occurs as an adaptation to the chronic irritation of GERD
- predisposes to esophageal adenocarcinoma
Non-dividing cells, such as myocardial fibers, are capable of hypertrophy, but not hyperplasia
,A.True
B.False - CORRECT ANSWER A.True
Dysplasia is a common type of normal cellular adaptation
A.True
B.False - CORRECT ANSWER B.False
Hypertrophy and hyperplasia rarely occur together.
A.True
B.False - CORRECT ANSWER B.False
A man with a history of smoking has a bronchial biopsy showing that the normal columnar
ciliated epithelial cells have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells. The man is
correctly told that this process could be reversed if he quits smoking
A.True
B.False - CORRECT ANSWER A.True
Dysplastic changes may be reversible, but more commonly become malignant.
A.True
B.False - CORRECT ANSWER A.True
Which type of cell adaptation occurs when normal columnar ciliated epithelial cells of the
bronchial lining have been replaced by stratified squamous epithelial cells?
A.Hyperplasia
B.Metaplasia
,C.Dysplasia
D.Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B.Metaplasia
The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of:
A.compensatory hyperplasia
B.hormonal hyperplasia
C.hormonal anaplasia
D.hormonal dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B.hormonal hyperplasia
When the heart's workload increases, what changes occur to the myocardial cells?
A.They divide
B.They increase in size
C.They increase in number
D.They undergo metaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER B.They increase in size
After ovulation, the uterine endometrial cells divide under the influence of estrogen; this is an
example of hormonal:
A.hyperplasia.
B.dysplasia.
C.Hypertrophy
D.Anaplasia - CORRECT ANSWER A.hyperplasia.
The abnormal proliferation of cells in response to excessive hormonal stimulation is called:
A.dysplasia.
B.pathologic dysplasia
, C.Hyperplasia
D.pathologic hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWER D.pathologic hyperplasia
Removal of part of the liver leads to ______________ of the remaining liver cells
A.dysplasia
B.metaplasia
C.compensatory hyperplasia
D.compensatory dysplasia - CORRECT ANSWER C.compensatory hyperplasia
Manifestations of cellular injury - CORRECT ANSWER Water
-Cause: Hypoxia, reduced ATP, increased intracellular Na
-Ex: Early in cell injury
Lipids
-Cause: Imbalance in production, utilization, or mobilization of lipids
-Ex: Tay-Sachs disease, Gaucher disease, Fatty liver
Carbohydrates
-Cause: Mucopolysaccharides accumulation in RECs, and fibroblasts, Glycogen accumulates
in cells of diabetic patients or genetically induced
-Ex: Mucopolysaccharidosis, Glycogen storage disease
Proteins
-Cause: Accumulation in B lymphocytes
-Ex: Multiple myeloma
Pigments
-Cause: Melanin in excess in skin cells, Bilirubin in excess causes jaundice
