COMBANK 9: Questions With Fully Explained
Solutions
Atrophy of temporal and frontal lobes. It can present similarly to
Alzheimer's disease, but has specific regional degeneration rather
than global atrophy. Correct Answer - Pick's disease
Associated with generalized atrophy of the cerebral cortex, which
would be seen as an increased space between the brain and skull.
This is consistent but not diagnostic. The only way to definitively
diagnose AD is through autopsy. Correct Answer - Alzheimer's
disease (AD
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo ↑ventricle size
Slow onset and occurs after years of repeated cerebral infarcts.
Correct Answer - Vascular dementia
Dilated ventricles are associated with Correct Answer - normal
pressure hydrocephalus (dementia, ataxia and incontinence)
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo (Alzheimer's), but Alzheimer's is not
associated with reduced ventricle size.
Dementia, ataxia and incontinence Correct Answer - normal
pressure hydrocephalus
Ring-enhancing lesions may indicate abscess Correct Answer -
toxoplasmosis infection
Alzheimer's disease involves what NT?
How would you treat this imbalance? Correct Answer - loss of
cholinergic nerurons ↓ACh
,want to inhibit catabolism of acetylcholine
use an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to ↑ACh
Parkinson's disease involves what NT?
How would you treat this imbalance? Correct Answer - loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra ↓DA, relative ↑ACh
Want to ↑DA via levodopa/carbidopa
Want to ↓ACh effect via Acetylcholine receptor antagonists such as
Benztropine and trihexyphenidyl
Synthesis of complex molecules Correct Answer - anabolism
think anabolic steroids make you strong
Breakdown of complex molecules Correct Answer - Catabolism
A 6-year-old male with intellectual disabilities and recurrent
seizures since infancy presents to the pediatrician for a normal
checkup. His physical examination reveals numerous pale areas of
skin, as well as reddish brown papules on the nose, cheeks, and chin.
The inheritance pattern of the condition involving the
dermatological symptoms is, or involves, Correct Answer -
autosomal dominant
Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant (AD) disease.
Cardiac 1° tumor (kids) Correct Answer - Rhabdomyoma,
often seen in tuberous sclerosis
AD diseases Correct Answer - Tuberous sclerosis
neurofibromatosis 1 and 2,
, Von-Hippel-Lindau,
Marfan's disease,
Huntington's disease,
autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease,
familial adenomatous polyposis.
Autosomal recessive diseases Correct Answer - albinism
infantile polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), cystic fibrosis
glycogen storage diseases
sickle cell anemia.
X-linked recessive diseases Correct Answer - Bruton's
agammaglobulinemia,
Wiskott-Aldrich,
G6PD deficiency,
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome,
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Hemophilia A and B.
X-linked dominant diseases Correct Answer - Rett's Syndrome.
Tuberous sclerosis Correct Answer - HAMARTOMAS:
Hamartomas in CNS and skin;
cutaneous Angiofibromas
Mitral regurgitation
Ash-leaf spots
cardiac Rhabdomyoma
(Tuberous sclerosis)
autosomal dOminant
Mental retardation
renal Angiomyolipoma
Seizures, Shagreen patches.
↑ incidence of subependymal astrocytomas and ungual fibromas.
Solutions
Atrophy of temporal and frontal lobes. It can present similarly to
Alzheimer's disease, but has specific regional degeneration rather
than global atrophy. Correct Answer - Pick's disease
Associated with generalized atrophy of the cerebral cortex, which
would be seen as an increased space between the brain and skull.
This is consistent but not diagnostic. The only way to definitively
diagnose AD is through autopsy. Correct Answer - Alzheimer's
disease (AD
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo ↑ventricle size
Slow onset and occurs after years of repeated cerebral infarcts.
Correct Answer - Vascular dementia
Dilated ventricles are associated with Correct Answer - normal
pressure hydrocephalus (dementia, ataxia and incontinence)
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo (Alzheimer's), but Alzheimer's is not
associated with reduced ventricle size.
Dementia, ataxia and incontinence Correct Answer - normal
pressure hydrocephalus
Ring-enhancing lesions may indicate abscess Correct Answer -
toxoplasmosis infection
Alzheimer's disease involves what NT?
How would you treat this imbalance? Correct Answer - loss of
cholinergic nerurons ↓ACh
,want to inhibit catabolism of acetylcholine
use an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to ↑ACh
Parkinson's disease involves what NT?
How would you treat this imbalance? Correct Answer - loss of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra ↓DA, relative ↑ACh
Want to ↑DA via levodopa/carbidopa
Want to ↓ACh effect via Acetylcholine receptor antagonists such as
Benztropine and trihexyphenidyl
Synthesis of complex molecules Correct Answer - anabolism
think anabolic steroids make you strong
Breakdown of complex molecules Correct Answer - Catabolism
A 6-year-old male with intellectual disabilities and recurrent
seizures since infancy presents to the pediatrician for a normal
checkup. His physical examination reveals numerous pale areas of
skin, as well as reddish brown papules on the nose, cheeks, and chin.
The inheritance pattern of the condition involving the
dermatological symptoms is, or involves, Correct Answer -
autosomal dominant
Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal dominant (AD) disease.
Cardiac 1° tumor (kids) Correct Answer - Rhabdomyoma,
often seen in tuberous sclerosis
AD diseases Correct Answer - Tuberous sclerosis
neurofibromatosis 1 and 2,
, Von-Hippel-Lindau,
Marfan's disease,
Huntington's disease,
autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease,
familial adenomatous polyposis.
Autosomal recessive diseases Correct Answer - albinism
infantile polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), cystic fibrosis
glycogen storage diseases
sickle cell anemia.
X-linked recessive diseases Correct Answer - Bruton's
agammaglobulinemia,
Wiskott-Aldrich,
G6PD deficiency,
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome,
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Hemophilia A and B.
X-linked dominant diseases Correct Answer - Rett's Syndrome.
Tuberous sclerosis Correct Answer - HAMARTOMAS:
Hamartomas in CNS and skin;
cutaneous Angiofibromas
Mitral regurgitation
Ash-leaf spots
cardiac Rhabdomyoma
(Tuberous sclerosis)
autosomal dOminant
Mental retardation
renal Angiomyolipoma
Seizures, Shagreen patches.
↑ incidence of subependymal astrocytomas and ungual fibromas.
