NBRC TMC/CRT/RRT EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | A+ GRADE
Ascites - ( ANSWER)accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
Venous distention - ( ANSWER)-occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
Capillary refill - ( ANSWER)-indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
Jaundice skin color - ( ANSWER)-increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
Bradypnea (oligopnea) - ( ANSWER)-decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth
and irregular rhythm
Hyperpnea - ( ANSWER)-increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
Cheyne-Stokes - ( ANSWER)-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle
lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
Biots - ( ANSWER)-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
Kussmaul's - ( ANSWER)-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored
-Raspy voice
Apneustic - ( ANSWER)prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short,
insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
cachectic - ( ANSWER)muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
retractions - ( ANSWER)-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
,NBRC TMC/CRT/RRT EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | A+ GRADE
Character of cough - ( ANSWER)-dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs
or asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
evidence of difficult airway - ( ANSWER)-short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
pulsus paradoxus - ( ANSWER)-pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate
severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
tactile fremitus - ( ANSWER)-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
Crepitus - ( ANSWER)-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates
subcutaneous emphysema
Resonant percussion - ( ANSWER)-hollow sound
-normal lungs
Flat percussion - ( ANSWER)-heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
Dull percussion - ( ANSWER)-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
Tympanic percussion - ( ANSWER)-heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
Hyperresonant - ( ANSWER)-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
-booming sound
vesicular breath sounds - ( ANSWER)normal sounds in lungs
bronchial breath sounds - ( ANSWER)-normal sounds over airways.
,NBRC TMC/CRT/RRT EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | A+ GRADE
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
Egophony - ( ANSWER)-patient instructed to say E and sounds like A.
-lung consolidation
Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy - ( ANSWER)-increased intensity or transmission
of the spoken voice and indicate CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
-decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema
Rales - ( ANSWER)-crackles
-secretions/fluid
Coarse rales - ( ANSWER)-rhonchi
-LARGE airway secretions
-needs suctioning
medium rales - ( ANSWER)-middle airway secretions
-needs CPT
Fine rales - ( ANSWER)-fluid in alveoli
-CHF, pulmonary edema
-IPPB, heart drugs, diuretics and O2
Wheeze - ( ANSWER)-due to bronchospasm
-bronchodilator Tx
-unilateral wheeze indicative of a foreign body obstruction
stridor - ( ANSWER)-upper airway obstruction
-supraglottic swelling (epiglottitis) (thumb sign)
-subglottic swelling (croup, postextubation) (steeple sign)
-foreign body aspiration
-Racemic epinephrine
-intubation if MARKED stridor
-Lateral neck Xray for confirmation
Pleural friction rub - ( ANSWER)-coarse grating or crunching sound
-visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together
, NBRC TMC/CRT/RRT EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | A+ GRADE
-associated with TB, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, cancer
-steroids and antibiotics
Heart Sound S₁ - ( ANSWER)-closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of
ventricular contraction
Heart Sound S₂ - ( ANSWER)-closure of pulmonic and aortic valves
-occurs when systole ends; ventricles relax
Heart Sound S₃ - ( ANSWER)-abnormal and may suggest CHF
Heart Sound S₄ - ( ANSWER)-abnormal and indicative of cardiac abnormality such as
myocardial infarction or cardiomegaly
Heart murmurs - ( ANSWER)-sounds caused by turbulent blood flow
-heart valve defects or congenital heart abnormalities
-can occur when blood is pushed through an abnormal opening (ASD, PDA)
Bruits - ( ANSWER)-sounds made in an artery or vein when blood flow becomes turbulent
or flows at an abnormal speed.
-usually heard via stethoscope over the identified vessel (carotid artery)
Blood pressure - ( ANSWER)-systolic and diastolic pressures
-sphygmomanometer to measure cuff pressures
-↑BP = cardiac stress = hypoxemia
-↓BP = poor perfusion = hypovolemia, CHF
Costophrenic Angle - ( ANSWER)-angle made by the outer curve of the diaphragm and the
chest wall
-obliterated by pleural effusions and pneumonia
Diaphragm - ( ANSWER)-dome shaped normally
-flattened with COPD
-hemidiaphragms may shift downward with pneumothorax
-right hemidiaphragm is level of 6th anterior rib and slightly higher than the left
-right lung: 55% and appear larger than left lung
Lateral decubitus CXR - ( ANSWER)-patient lying on affected side
Ascites - ( ANSWER)accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
Venous distention - ( ANSWER)-occurs with CHF
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
Capillary refill - ( ANSWER)-indication of peripheral circulation
-Normal < 3 seconds
Jaundice skin color - ( ANSWER)-increase in bilirubin.
-mostly in face and trunk
Bradypnea (oligopnea) - ( ANSWER)-decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth
and irregular rhythm
Hyperpnea - ( ANSWER)-increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
Cheyne-Stokes - ( ANSWER)-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle
lasting from 30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
Biots - ( ANSWER)-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
Kussmaul's - ( ANSWER)-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored
-Raspy voice
Apneustic - ( ANSWER)prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short,
insufficient expiration
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
cachectic - ( ANSWER)muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
retractions - ( ANSWER)-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward
-blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
,NBRC TMC/CRT/RRT EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | A+ GRADE
Character of cough - ( ANSWER)-dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs
or asthma
-productive cough may indicate infection
evidence of difficult airway - ( ANSWER)-short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
pulsus paradoxus - ( ANSWER)-pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate
severe air trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
tactile fremitus - ( ANSWER)-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
Crepitus - ( ANSWER)-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates
subcutaneous emphysema
Resonant percussion - ( ANSWER)-hollow sound
-normal lungs
Flat percussion - ( ANSWER)-heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
Dull percussion - ( ANSWER)-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
Tympanic percussion - ( ANSWER)-heard over air-filled stomach.
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
Hyperresonant - ( ANSWER)-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
-booming sound
vesicular breath sounds - ( ANSWER)normal sounds in lungs
bronchial breath sounds - ( ANSWER)-normal sounds over airways.
,NBRC TMC/CRT/RRT EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | A+ GRADE
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
Egophony - ( ANSWER)-patient instructed to say E and sounds like A.
-lung consolidation
Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy - ( ANSWER)-increased intensity or transmission
of the spoken voice and indicate CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
-decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema
Rales - ( ANSWER)-crackles
-secretions/fluid
Coarse rales - ( ANSWER)-rhonchi
-LARGE airway secretions
-needs suctioning
medium rales - ( ANSWER)-middle airway secretions
-needs CPT
Fine rales - ( ANSWER)-fluid in alveoli
-CHF, pulmonary edema
-IPPB, heart drugs, diuretics and O2
Wheeze - ( ANSWER)-due to bronchospasm
-bronchodilator Tx
-unilateral wheeze indicative of a foreign body obstruction
stridor - ( ANSWER)-upper airway obstruction
-supraglottic swelling (epiglottitis) (thumb sign)
-subglottic swelling (croup, postextubation) (steeple sign)
-foreign body aspiration
-Racemic epinephrine
-intubation if MARKED stridor
-Lateral neck Xray for confirmation
Pleural friction rub - ( ANSWER)-coarse grating or crunching sound
-visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together
, NBRC TMC/CRT/RRT EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | A+ GRADE
-associated with TB, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, cancer
-steroids and antibiotics
Heart Sound S₁ - ( ANSWER)-closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of
ventricular contraction
Heart Sound S₂ - ( ANSWER)-closure of pulmonic and aortic valves
-occurs when systole ends; ventricles relax
Heart Sound S₃ - ( ANSWER)-abnormal and may suggest CHF
Heart Sound S₄ - ( ANSWER)-abnormal and indicative of cardiac abnormality such as
myocardial infarction or cardiomegaly
Heart murmurs - ( ANSWER)-sounds caused by turbulent blood flow
-heart valve defects or congenital heart abnormalities
-can occur when blood is pushed through an abnormal opening (ASD, PDA)
Bruits - ( ANSWER)-sounds made in an artery or vein when blood flow becomes turbulent
or flows at an abnormal speed.
-usually heard via stethoscope over the identified vessel (carotid artery)
Blood pressure - ( ANSWER)-systolic and diastolic pressures
-sphygmomanometer to measure cuff pressures
-↑BP = cardiac stress = hypoxemia
-↓BP = poor perfusion = hypovolemia, CHF
Costophrenic Angle - ( ANSWER)-angle made by the outer curve of the diaphragm and the
chest wall
-obliterated by pleural effusions and pneumonia
Diaphragm - ( ANSWER)-dome shaped normally
-flattened with COPD
-hemidiaphragms may shift downward with pneumothorax
-right hemidiaphragm is level of 6th anterior rib and slightly higher than the left
-right lung: 55% and appear larger than left lung
Lateral decubitus CXR - ( ANSWER)-patient lying on affected side
