NSPN 7150 PAST PAPERS 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS TAGGED A+
✔✔How does social support networks affect breastfeeding? - ✔✔One common reason
for breastfeeding cessation is the lack of physical and emotional support for
breastfeeding women
✔✔T or F: low level of maternal education is a contributing factor for decreased
breastfeeding rates - ✔✔True
✔✔T or F: work places that don't have breastfeeding support contribute to a decrease in
breastfeeding duration - ✔✔True
✔✔When using formula what are two contributors to malnutrition? - ✔✔1. Contaminated
water
2. Lack of water
✔✔In Canada, what was the main reason for stopping breastfeeding before 6 months? -
✔✔Not enough breast milk
✔✔What are the other two reasons for stopping breastfeeding before 6 months? - ✔✔1.
Difficulty with breastfeeding technique
2. Child weaned themselves
✔✔What are some issues that contribute to breastfeeding difficulties? - ✔✔- aggressive
global marketing of artificial feeding
- healthcare practices that are not baby-friendly (e.g. routine separation of mothers and
infant, well-baby nurseries, health care providers lack of knowledge, lack of follow-up
support)
- lack of knowledge about breastfeeding techniques
- unnecessary supplementation
- bundling/swaddling infants
- lack of breastfeeding role models
- lack of family support
- sore nipples, low supply
- cultural and societal biases
- employment policies
✔✔List some support strategies for successful breastfeeding. - ✔✔- mother-to-mother
support groups
- peer support programs
- social network sites
- breastfeeding as the cultural norm
- individual family support
- prenatal education
,- printed and audiovisual educational materials to support one-to-one education
✔✔T or F: When health care professionals have a neutral view on breastfeeding,
mothers perceive them to prefer bottle feeding - ✔✔True
✔✔Module 3: Human Milk - ✔✔
✔✔What do oligosaccharides in breastmilk do? - ✔✔Inhibit fungal, viral, and bacterial
pathogens by modifying the cellular response of the infant's epithelial and immune cells
✔✔How long can breastmilk be stored for at room temperature? - ✔✔4-6 hours
✔✔A mother's milk changes depending on: - ✔✔1. Gestational age and health of infant
2. Time of day
3. Time during feeding
✔✔Preterm milk is higher in what? Why? - ✔✔Protein and anti-infective properties to
meet the need of preterm infants
✔✔What are the 3 stages of lactation? - ✔✔I. Producing colostrum in the last trimester
and for 2-4 days after birth
II. Onset of copious milk secretion after birth (2-3 days to 8)
III. Secretion of mature milk
✔✔When does a mother feel like she has more milk? - ✔✔Day
Feels less full during the night
✔✔What is different about night milk? - ✔✔fat content is higher to help infants sleep
throughout the night
✔✔T or F: Mothers who do not have a nutritious diet do not produce nutritious milk -
✔✔False!
Regardless of food security, mothers can produce nutritious milk
✔✔What is nutrient stable throughout a feed? Which one varies? - ✔✔Sugar is stable
Fat
✔✔How does amount of fat in maternal diet affect human milk? - ✔✔Will affect the type
of fat, not the amount
, ✔✔What from the infant triggers the milk to change? - ✔✔The infant's salivary amylase
✔✔What is tandem nursing? - ✔✔Nursing two babies not from the same pregnancy
Keep one breast to one child, and each will produce different milk suited for said child
✔✔What happens to milk if a mother or infant is sick? - ✔✔mother will create antibodies
to what she was exposed to or the infant and will go into her milk to protect the infant
✔✔Does each breast produce the same amount of milk? - ✔✔No
This is why infants prefer one breast to another, or mothers refer to one as the "good
breast"
✔✔What is witch's milk? - ✔✔Colostrum present in newborn from maternal hormones
causing lobules and alveoli to develop
✔✔Describe lactogenesis I and II. - ✔✔I. Prepares breast tissue for milk synthesis
through colostrum production
II. copious milk production after 2 days after birth
✔✔What does colostrum do in an infant's gut? - ✔✔An infant's gut is entirely permeable
at birth. Colostrum decreases permeability, preventing passage of large particles and
pathogens. Growth factors in colostrum help the gut mature.
✔✔Define galactopoiesis. What is it dependent on? - ✔✔Maintaining milk production or
maintenance of established milk secretion.
It is dependent on infant suckling (milk removal)
✔✔Define involution. When does it happen? - ✔✔Termination of milk production. It
takes place 40 days after the last feed
✔✔How much of human milk is water? - ✔✔87%
✔✔What happens to water distribution when mother is on fluid restriction and
breastfeeding? - ✔✔Water losses through urine and insensible loss are decreased
before breastmilk
✔✔How to determine enough water intake in a lactating woman? - ✔✔- drink to thirst
- checking urine
✔✔What is the main carbohydrate in human milk? - ✔✔lactose
ANSWERS TAGGED A+
✔✔How does social support networks affect breastfeeding? - ✔✔One common reason
for breastfeeding cessation is the lack of physical and emotional support for
breastfeeding women
✔✔T or F: low level of maternal education is a contributing factor for decreased
breastfeeding rates - ✔✔True
✔✔T or F: work places that don't have breastfeeding support contribute to a decrease in
breastfeeding duration - ✔✔True
✔✔When using formula what are two contributors to malnutrition? - ✔✔1. Contaminated
water
2. Lack of water
✔✔In Canada, what was the main reason for stopping breastfeeding before 6 months? -
✔✔Not enough breast milk
✔✔What are the other two reasons for stopping breastfeeding before 6 months? - ✔✔1.
Difficulty with breastfeeding technique
2. Child weaned themselves
✔✔What are some issues that contribute to breastfeeding difficulties? - ✔✔- aggressive
global marketing of artificial feeding
- healthcare practices that are not baby-friendly (e.g. routine separation of mothers and
infant, well-baby nurseries, health care providers lack of knowledge, lack of follow-up
support)
- lack of knowledge about breastfeeding techniques
- unnecessary supplementation
- bundling/swaddling infants
- lack of breastfeeding role models
- lack of family support
- sore nipples, low supply
- cultural and societal biases
- employment policies
✔✔List some support strategies for successful breastfeeding. - ✔✔- mother-to-mother
support groups
- peer support programs
- social network sites
- breastfeeding as the cultural norm
- individual family support
- prenatal education
,- printed and audiovisual educational materials to support one-to-one education
✔✔T or F: When health care professionals have a neutral view on breastfeeding,
mothers perceive them to prefer bottle feeding - ✔✔True
✔✔Module 3: Human Milk - ✔✔
✔✔What do oligosaccharides in breastmilk do? - ✔✔Inhibit fungal, viral, and bacterial
pathogens by modifying the cellular response of the infant's epithelial and immune cells
✔✔How long can breastmilk be stored for at room temperature? - ✔✔4-6 hours
✔✔A mother's milk changes depending on: - ✔✔1. Gestational age and health of infant
2. Time of day
3. Time during feeding
✔✔Preterm milk is higher in what? Why? - ✔✔Protein and anti-infective properties to
meet the need of preterm infants
✔✔What are the 3 stages of lactation? - ✔✔I. Producing colostrum in the last trimester
and for 2-4 days after birth
II. Onset of copious milk secretion after birth (2-3 days to 8)
III. Secretion of mature milk
✔✔When does a mother feel like she has more milk? - ✔✔Day
Feels less full during the night
✔✔What is different about night milk? - ✔✔fat content is higher to help infants sleep
throughout the night
✔✔T or F: Mothers who do not have a nutritious diet do not produce nutritious milk -
✔✔False!
Regardless of food security, mothers can produce nutritious milk
✔✔What is nutrient stable throughout a feed? Which one varies? - ✔✔Sugar is stable
Fat
✔✔How does amount of fat in maternal diet affect human milk? - ✔✔Will affect the type
of fat, not the amount
, ✔✔What from the infant triggers the milk to change? - ✔✔The infant's salivary amylase
✔✔What is tandem nursing? - ✔✔Nursing two babies not from the same pregnancy
Keep one breast to one child, and each will produce different milk suited for said child
✔✔What happens to milk if a mother or infant is sick? - ✔✔mother will create antibodies
to what she was exposed to or the infant and will go into her milk to protect the infant
✔✔Does each breast produce the same amount of milk? - ✔✔No
This is why infants prefer one breast to another, or mothers refer to one as the "good
breast"
✔✔What is witch's milk? - ✔✔Colostrum present in newborn from maternal hormones
causing lobules and alveoli to develop
✔✔Describe lactogenesis I and II. - ✔✔I. Prepares breast tissue for milk synthesis
through colostrum production
II. copious milk production after 2 days after birth
✔✔What does colostrum do in an infant's gut? - ✔✔An infant's gut is entirely permeable
at birth. Colostrum decreases permeability, preventing passage of large particles and
pathogens. Growth factors in colostrum help the gut mature.
✔✔Define galactopoiesis. What is it dependent on? - ✔✔Maintaining milk production or
maintenance of established milk secretion.
It is dependent on infant suckling (milk removal)
✔✔Define involution. When does it happen? - ✔✔Termination of milk production. It
takes place 40 days after the last feed
✔✔How much of human milk is water? - ✔✔87%
✔✔What happens to water distribution when mother is on fluid restriction and
breastfeeding? - ✔✔Water losses through urine and insensible loss are decreased
before breastmilk
✔✔How to determine enough water intake in a lactating woman? - ✔✔- drink to thirst
- checking urine
✔✔What is the main carbohydrate in human milk? - ✔✔lactose
