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LING 209 exam with precise detailed solutions

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LING 209 exam with precise detailed solutions

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LING 209 exam with precise detailed |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




solutions

What is communication? - Correct answer ✔- An exchange of ideas
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - Involves a messenger and a receiver
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - Communication is interactive
|||||| |||||| ||||||




- It can take several forms:
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - verbal communication: spoken language, sign language, written language
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - non verbal communication: facial expression, tone of voice, body language
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- A human right?
|||||| |||||| ||||||




Successful Communication - Correct answer ✔- Both verbal and non verbal involved |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- Cultural context:
|||||| ||||||




- Shared norms are different for different subgroups in society. For example: length of pause
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




between sentences - effect on turn taking |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- Some subgrouping that may affect communication: geographical background, age,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




socioeconomic status, ethnicity, gender... |||||| |||||| ||||||




Communication depends on... - Correct answer ✔- Perceptual systems: hearing, sight |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- Anatomical & motor systems: the vocal tract (mouth, throat, larynx)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- Language and speech systems: words, syntax (grammar), phonology & phonetics (speech
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




sounds & their structure) |||||| |||||| ||||||




- Other systems involved in cognition: memory, knowledge about the world
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Jobs - Correct answer ✔- Speech and language pathologists (SLPs)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

,2


- Audiologists (AUDs)
|||||| ||||||




|||||| -speech, language, hearing |||||| ||||||




ASHA definitions ||||||




(American Speech Language Hearing Association) - Correct answer ✔- Speech is how we say |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




sounds and words. People with speech problems may: (articulation)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - not say sounds clearly
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - have a hoarse or raspy voice
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - repeat sounds or pause when speaking (stuttering)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- Language is the words we use to share ideas and get what we want. A person with a
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




language disorder may have problems: (structure) |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - understanding
||||||




|||||| - talking||||||




|||||| - reading||||||




|||||| - writing||||||




Communication Disorders: ||||||




Disorder vs. problem - Correct answer ✔- Language is messy |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- Example: "Bank"
|||||| ||||||




|||||| - 2 meanings (as a noun)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - ambiguity
||||||




- Communication problems:
|||||| ||||||




|||||| - An inherent part of communication
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - Never perfect
|||||| ||||||

,2




WHO

ASHA - Correct answer ✔WHO: |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- An impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




structure or function |||||| ||||||




|||||| - Note: Impairment is more inclusive than disorder in that it covers losses
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| -e.g. the loss of a leg is an impairment, but not a disorder
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




ASHA

- A communication disorder is an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal and graphical symbols systems |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Speech, Language, Hearing - Correct answer ✔- Can have breakdown in any of these... |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- "ability to receive, send, process, comprehend"
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Communication Disorders - Correct answer ✔- Arise throughout the lifespan |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - developmental
||||||




|||||| - in children, and sometimes still in adulthood
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- Acquired
||||||




|||||| - due to problems in adulthood, and sometimes in childhood
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Developmental Communication Disorders - Correct answer ✔- Congenital disorders (present |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




at birth) ||||||




- Developmental disorders or delay
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - language, speech & cognition
|||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

, 2


|||||| - hearing loss
|||||| ||||||




|||||| - fluency and voice
|||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - literacy
||||||




Acquired Disorders - Correct answer ✔- Illness, accident, or environmental circumstances
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




anytime in life |||||| ||||||




|||||| - brain damage (stroke or injury)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - or dementia
|||||| ||||||




|||||| - hearing loss (including full deafness)
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - injuries or tumors in the vocal tract
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - loss of body part or control of body part
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| - accidents, cancer of the larynx
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




How common are communication disorders? - Correct answer ✔- 1 in 10 Canadians has a
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




speech, language, or hearing problem |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- Hearing loss is the third most prevalent chronic disability among people older than 65
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- Communication disorders in school-aged children are often misdiagnoses as learning
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




disabilities or behavioural problems |||||| |||||| ||||||




- About 4% of preschool children have a significant speech or language disorder
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- 1% of Canadians (all ages) stutter
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




|||||| -4% of Canadian preschoolers
|||||| |||||| ||||||




UNIT 1 - Correct answer ✔- What is "typical" for language?
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- What are the physical structures that make language/speech work?
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- How does language "work" in our brains?
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- What does language development typically look like?
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

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