SPATIAL ANALYSIS EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Cartographic rules of thumb - ANSWER 1. know your audience
2. understand what you are addressing
3. keep it simple
4. use design elements for emphasis
What are the two major types of maps? - ANSWER 1. General Reference:
large amount of spatial info, many different themes, emphasis on displaying a
large amount of data
2. Thematic Map: small amount of info, emphasizes one point, illustrates spatial
relationships
What is the most powerful cartographic tool available? - ANSWER Color:
should have a relationship with the features it represents
When would you want to use labels instead of a legend? - ANSWER When
using points, polygons, or lines (labeling towns, counties, or rivers)
What are the basic components of a map layout? - ANSWER 1. title
2. map
3. legend
4. north arrow
5. source information
6. scale bar
Spatial Data Model - ANSWER a method of presenting real world objects in
GIS
what are the two common types of Spatial data models? - ANSWER 1. Vector:
data represents discrete features (things on the ground with boundaries) with
inherent geometry such as points, lines, and polygons
2. Raster: a series of square cells ideal for representing a continuous surface
characterized by cell size or pixel value type
, inherent geometry of a point - ANSWER X&Y coordinates
inherent geometry of a line - ANSWER made up of connected points, length,
nodes, and vertex coordinates
inherent geometry of polygon - ANSWER line/series of lines that encloses an
area, area, perimeter, centroid
fields - ANSWER (Column) store specific info for all features
records - ANSWER (row) store all information for each feature
implicit topology - ANSWER the origin of each raster layer is the upper left
most pixel
cell size - ANSWER the ground based dimension of a cell
three types of raster data layers - ANSWER 1. continuous
2. thematic
3. image
continuous raster - ANSWER pixel values represent a continuous pixel value
measurement across a surface, no attribute table (ocean temp map)
thematic raster - ANSWER pixel values represent a discrete class with an
attribute table (vegetation type map)
image raster - ANSWER values do not have meaningful interpretation , no
attribute table (aerial photos)
Spherical Coordinate System - ANSWER uses latitude, longitude, and radius to
specify locations; where lines of longitude converge
Cartesian Coordinate System - ANSWER 2 or 3 dimensional graph based on
orthogonal axes; origin is zero, suitable for small areas (UTM and state planes)
parallels - ANSWER lines of constant latitude
ANSWERS
Cartographic rules of thumb - ANSWER 1. know your audience
2. understand what you are addressing
3. keep it simple
4. use design elements for emphasis
What are the two major types of maps? - ANSWER 1. General Reference:
large amount of spatial info, many different themes, emphasis on displaying a
large amount of data
2. Thematic Map: small amount of info, emphasizes one point, illustrates spatial
relationships
What is the most powerful cartographic tool available? - ANSWER Color:
should have a relationship with the features it represents
When would you want to use labels instead of a legend? - ANSWER When
using points, polygons, or lines (labeling towns, counties, or rivers)
What are the basic components of a map layout? - ANSWER 1. title
2. map
3. legend
4. north arrow
5. source information
6. scale bar
Spatial Data Model - ANSWER a method of presenting real world objects in
GIS
what are the two common types of Spatial data models? - ANSWER 1. Vector:
data represents discrete features (things on the ground with boundaries) with
inherent geometry such as points, lines, and polygons
2. Raster: a series of square cells ideal for representing a continuous surface
characterized by cell size or pixel value type
, inherent geometry of a point - ANSWER X&Y coordinates
inherent geometry of a line - ANSWER made up of connected points, length,
nodes, and vertex coordinates
inherent geometry of polygon - ANSWER line/series of lines that encloses an
area, area, perimeter, centroid
fields - ANSWER (Column) store specific info for all features
records - ANSWER (row) store all information for each feature
implicit topology - ANSWER the origin of each raster layer is the upper left
most pixel
cell size - ANSWER the ground based dimension of a cell
three types of raster data layers - ANSWER 1. continuous
2. thematic
3. image
continuous raster - ANSWER pixel values represent a continuous pixel value
measurement across a surface, no attribute table (ocean temp map)
thematic raster - ANSWER pixel values represent a discrete class with an
attribute table (vegetation type map)
image raster - ANSWER values do not have meaningful interpretation , no
attribute table (aerial photos)
Spherical Coordinate System - ANSWER uses latitude, longitude, and radius to
specify locations; where lines of longitude converge
Cartesian Coordinate System - ANSWER 2 or 3 dimensional graph based on
orthogonal axes; origin is zero, suitable for small areas (UTM and state planes)
parallels - ANSWER lines of constant latitude
