Fundamentals of Nursing
origination of the word "nurse"
from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses
communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, collaborator
coping with disability and death
nurses use optimal function of maximum strengths and potentials, refer to community
support systems; provide care to families and patients during end-of-life care, hospice
The Nursing Process
-one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts
-define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for
RNs and LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs
respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria
-well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale
defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created
freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing
,Clara Barton
established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during civil
war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
sources of knowledge
-traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived
expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective
you can see the object
subjective
coming from that subject
types of knowledge
-science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and explaining events and
occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to
develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired result)
goals of nursing research
-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
deductive reasoning
examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas
inductive reasoning
one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas
health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
illness
, the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving changed level
of functioning
wellness
an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and
emotional health
nursing theory
differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of
describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
evidence-based practice (EBP)
a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available;
blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of
specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of patients
steps in implementing EBP
Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in
making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person
physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness
rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia,
appendicitis
chronic illness
slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy, requires
special patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes,
lung diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors
Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
origination of the word "nurse"
from the latin word "nutrix" meaning to nourish
Interrelated roles of nurses
communicator, teacher, counselor, leader, researcher, advocate, collaborator
coping with disability and death
nurses use optimal function of maximum strengths and potentials, refer to community
support systems; provide care to families and patients during end-of-life care, hospice
The Nursing Process
-one of major guidelines for nursing practice
-helps nurses implement their roles
-integrates art and science of nursing
-allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning
-defines the areas of care that are within the domain of nursing
Nurse Practice Acts
-define legal scope of nursing practice
-create state board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulation
-define important terms and activities in nursing, including legal requirements and titles for
RNs and LPNs
- established criteria for the education and licensure of nurses
5 vital signs
respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria
-well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale
defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine, created
freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern nursing
,Clara Barton
established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers during civil
war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
sources of knowledge
-traditional ( passed down from generation to generation)
-authoritative- comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on person's perceived
expertise
-scientific (obtained through the scientific method-research)
objective
you can see the object
subjective
coming from that subject
types of knowledge
-science (observing, identifying, describing, investigating, and explaining events and
occurences that are perceived in world)
-philosophy (the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and the processes used to
develop and construct on perception on life)
-process (a series of actions, changes, or functions intended to bring about a desired result)
goals of nursing research
-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
deductive reasoning
examines a general idea and then considers specific actions or ideas
inductive reasoning
one builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas
health
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
illness
, the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving changed level
of functioning
wellness
an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good physical, mental, and
emotional health
nursing theory
differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the purposes of
describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
evidence-based practice (EBP)
a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence available;
blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved; may consist of
specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the care of patients
steps in implementing EBP
Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and values in
making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person
physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness
rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea, pneumonia,
appendicitis
chronic illness
slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy, requires
special patient education, long period of care or support; examples: heart disease, diabetes,
lung diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors
Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
