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, Fourth Edition ew
AConciseIntroductionto
Linguistics
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Bruce M. Rowe
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e
Los Angeles Pierce College
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DianeP.Levine
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e w
e
Los Angeles Pierce College
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,First published 2015, 2012, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Published 2016 by Routledge ew ew ew
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14
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ew 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2009, 2006 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.
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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ew utilised i n any formdor by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ew known or hereafte ew ew e w r invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
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ew any informationdstorage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
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ew the publishers.ew
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ew and ar e used only for identification and explanation without intent to
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ew infringe.
Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with pe
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
rmission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text.
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ISBN: 9780133811216 (pbk) ew ew
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ew ew ew ew
Rowe, Bruce M. ew ew
A Concise Introduction to Linguistics / BrucedM. Rowe, LosdAngeles Pierce College;
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
D iane P. Levine, Los Angeles Pierce College. —dFourth Edition.
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pages cm Include ew ew
s index.
ew ew
ISBN 978-0-13-381121-6 ew
1. Linguistics. I. Levine, Diane P. e w ew ew
II. Title. P121.R6926 2014ew ew ew
410—dc23
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2014009620
, DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to our families:
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Christine, Aaron, and Andrew Rowe
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Brian, Kevin, and Samantha Levine; Heidi, Theo, and Lucy Sturm
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
iii
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
, Fourth Edition ew
AConciseIntroductionto
Linguistics
ew
Bruce M. Rowe
ew w
e
Los Angeles Pierce College
ew e w e w
DianeP.Levine
w
e w
e
Los Angeles Pierce College
ew e w e w
,First published 2015, 2012, 2009, 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
Published 2016 by Routledge ew ew ew
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ew 4RN 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
ew ew ew e w ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
Copyright © 2015, 2012, 2009, 2006 Taylor & Francis. All rights reserved.
ew ew ew ew ew e w ew ew ew ew ew
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ew utilised i n any formdor by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ew known or hereafte ew ew e w r invented, including photocopying and recording, or in
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ew any informationdstorage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ew the publishers.ew
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks,
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ew and ar e used only for identification and explanation without intent to
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ew infringe.
Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with pe
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
rmission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text.
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
ISBN: 9780133811216 (pbk) ew ew
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
ew ew ew ew
Rowe, Bruce M. ew ew
A Concise Introduction to Linguistics / BrucedM. Rowe, LosdAngeles Pierce College;
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
D iane P. Levine, Los Angeles Pierce College. —dFourth Edition.
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
pages cm Include ew ew
s index.
ew ew
ISBN 978-0-13-381121-6 ew
1. Linguistics. I. Levine, Diane P. e w ew ew
II. Title. P121.R6926 2014ew ew ew
410—dc23
ew
2014009620
, DEDICATION
This book is dedicated to our families:
ew ew ew ew ew ew
Christine, Aaron, and Andrew Rowe
ew ew ew ew
Brian, Kevin, and Samantha Levine; Heidi, Theo, and Lucy Sturm
ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew ew
iii