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NUR1460 EXAM 1 with correct detailed solutions

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NUR1460 EXAM 1 with correct detailed solutions

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NUR1460 EXAM 1 with correct detailed
solutions

Hypokalemia- CAUSES - Correct answer ✔*** alkalotic. body is trying to DITCH potassium.*** |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




D: drugs (laxatives, loop/thiazide diuretics)
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I: inadequate consumption of potassium (NPO, starving)
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T: too much water intake (dilutes potassium)
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C: Cushing's Syndrome
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H: Heavy fluid loss (diarrhea, vomiting, NG suction, wound drainage, sweating)
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Hypokalemia- S/S - Correct answer ✔A SIC WALT |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




A: alkalosis
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S: shallow respirations
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I: irritability
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C: confusion and drowsiness
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W: weakness and fatigue
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A: arrhythmias
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L: lethargy
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T: thread pulse
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Hypokalemia- INTERVENTIONS - Correct answer ✔-watch other electrolytes (magnesium |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




especially as it decreases too & hard to get potassium back up if magnesium is low)
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-never give IV push, IM or SUBQ |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-if giving IV give according to bag instruction- 20 meq/mL in 1L bag, 100ml an hour
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,2


***always watch patients to see how they react to medication. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Hyperkalemia- CAUSES - Correct answer ✔the body CARED too much about potassium |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




C: cellular movement of potassium from intracellular to extracellular (burns, tissue damage,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




acidosis)

A: adrenal insufficiency w/ Addison's disease
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R: renal failure
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E: excessive intake
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D: Drugs (potassium-sparing drugs like Aldactone, Triamterene, ACE inhibitors, NSAIDS)
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Hyperkalemia- S/S - Correct answer ✔MURDER |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




M: muscle weakness
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U: urine output- little
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R: respiratory failure (due to decreased ability to use breathing muscles)
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D: decreased cardiac contractility (weak pulse, low BP)
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E: early signs of muscle twitches/cramps- late signs profound weakness
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R: rhythm changes
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Hyperkalemia- INTERVENTIONS - Correct answer ✔Prepare patient for dialysis if they are renal |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




failure and get dialysis regularly as they will have high potassium. Kayexalate is sometimes
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




ordered, promotes GI sodium absorption which causes potassium excretion, give potassium
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




wasting diuretics like Lasix or hydrochlorothiazide, administer hypertonic solution of glucose
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




and regular insulin to pull potassium into cell (glucagon and insulin). Cut back on foods that
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




are high in potassium
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foods high in potassium - Correct answer ✔potatoes, pork, oranges, tomatoes, avocados,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




strawberries, spinach, fish, mushrooms, musk melons, cantaloupe, carrots, raisins, bananas |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||

, 3


Hypocalcemia- CAUSES - Correct answer ✔remember LOW CALCIUM |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




L: low parathyroid hormone
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O: oral intake inadequate
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W: wound drainage |||||| ||||||




C: Celiac's and Crohn's
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A: acute pancreatitis
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L: low vitamin D levels
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C: chronic kidney issues
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I: increased phosphorus levels in the blood
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U: using medication such as magnesium supplements, laxatives, loop diuretics, calcium binder
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




drugs

M: mobility issues |||||| ||||||




Hypocalcemia- S/S - Correct answer ✔CRAMPs |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




C: confusion ||||||




R: reflexes hyperactive
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A: arrhythmias |||||| ||||||




M: muscles spasms in calves or feet, tetany, seizures
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




P: positive Trousseau (before Chvostek)
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Hypocalcemia- INTERVENTIONS - Correct answer ✔-safety (watch for falls due to confusion) |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




-administer IV calcium |||||| ||||||




-administer calcium oral with vitamin D supplements |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




foods high in calcium - Correct answer ✔yogurt, sardines, cheese, spinach, collard greens, tofu,
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




rhubarb, milk
|||||| ||||||

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