PORTAGE BIOD 101 MODULE 6 EXAM 2025
non-membrane bound location of DNA and bacterial chromosomes in a prokaryotic cell.
- answers-nucleoid region
small circular regions of DNA in bacteria
- answers-Plasmids
intracellular region responsible for suspending ribosomes and plasmids
- answers-cytoplasm
contain unique RNA and proteins that can be targeted by antibiotics; in prokaryotes not
membrane-bound and smaller than in eukaryotes
- answers-ribosomes
semi-permeable wall allowing for diffusion of certain ions and molecules, and can
provide an area for metabolic functions
- answers-plasma membrane
rigid wall surrounding the plasma membrane, responsible for cell shape and protection
from environmental stressors
- answers-cell wall
sticky outer layer of bacteria, provides mechanism of adhesion to host cells or other
bacteria
- answers-capsule
hair-like structures extending from cell wall, used for attachment to host cells or other
bacteria
- answers-fimbriae
whip-like structures allowing prokaryotes to move
- answers-flagella
a polymer consisting of two cross-linked sugars, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-
acetylmuric acid (NAM)
- answers-peptidoglycan
, bacteria with simple cell wall made of a thick peptidoglycan layer, appears purple with
gram-stain
- answers-Gram positive bacteria
bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an additional outer membrane
made of lipopolysaccharides, appears red or pink with gram-staining
- answers-Gram negative bacteria
commonly used to treat gram-positive infections
- answers-Penicillin
bacteria with a spherical shape
- answers-Cocci
bacteria with a rod shape
- answers-Bacilli
bacteria with a spiral shape
- answers-Spiral
two cocci cells paired together
- answers-Diplococci
chains of cocci
- answers-strepto
clusters of cocci
- answers-staphylo
anything that causes disease in a human
- answers-pathogen
1. physical barriers
2. antimicrobial proteins
3. cellular defenses
- answers-Innate immunity mechanisms
cytokine proteins secreted in response to a viral pathogen; cell signaling molecules
- answers-Interferons
acts as a signal to communicate with other cells to warn that a virus is present and
signals self-destruction of the cell
- answers-Interferon Type I
non-membrane bound location of DNA and bacterial chromosomes in a prokaryotic cell.
- answers-nucleoid region
small circular regions of DNA in bacteria
- answers-Plasmids
intracellular region responsible for suspending ribosomes and plasmids
- answers-cytoplasm
contain unique RNA and proteins that can be targeted by antibiotics; in prokaryotes not
membrane-bound and smaller than in eukaryotes
- answers-ribosomes
semi-permeable wall allowing for diffusion of certain ions and molecules, and can
provide an area for metabolic functions
- answers-plasma membrane
rigid wall surrounding the plasma membrane, responsible for cell shape and protection
from environmental stressors
- answers-cell wall
sticky outer layer of bacteria, provides mechanism of adhesion to host cells or other
bacteria
- answers-capsule
hair-like structures extending from cell wall, used for attachment to host cells or other
bacteria
- answers-fimbriae
whip-like structures allowing prokaryotes to move
- answers-flagella
a polymer consisting of two cross-linked sugars, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-
acetylmuric acid (NAM)
- answers-peptidoglycan
, bacteria with simple cell wall made of a thick peptidoglycan layer, appears purple with
gram-stain
- answers-Gram positive bacteria
bacteria with a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an additional outer membrane
made of lipopolysaccharides, appears red or pink with gram-staining
- answers-Gram negative bacteria
commonly used to treat gram-positive infections
- answers-Penicillin
bacteria with a spherical shape
- answers-Cocci
bacteria with a rod shape
- answers-Bacilli
bacteria with a spiral shape
- answers-Spiral
two cocci cells paired together
- answers-Diplococci
chains of cocci
- answers-strepto
clusters of cocci
- answers-staphylo
anything that causes disease in a human
- answers-pathogen
1. physical barriers
2. antimicrobial proteins
3. cellular defenses
- answers-Innate immunity mechanisms
cytokine proteins secreted in response to a viral pathogen; cell signaling molecules
- answers-Interferons
acts as a signal to communicate with other cells to warn that a virus is present and
signals self-destruction of the cell
- answers-Interferon Type I
