LSU SOCL 2001 EXAM 1 (CHAPTERS 1 & 2) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FULLY SOLVED
Sociology - Answers - The study of human society
- Assumes that human actions are *patterned* and can be explained partly by social forces
Sociological Imagination - Answers - Coined by *C. Wright Mills*
- The ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual's life to seemingly impersonal
and remote historical forces
Social institution - Answers - A complex group of *interdependent* positions that, together, preform a
social role and reproduce themselves over time
- Networks or structures in society that work to socialize the groups of people within them
Social identity - Answers - The way individuals define themselves in relationship to groups they are a
part of (or in relationship to groups they choose not to be a part of)
Auguste Comte - Answers - Recognized as the *father of sociology*
- Believed that society could be studied *scientifically*, called *social physics* or *positivism*
- Famous works: *Positive Philosophy*
Positivist sociology - Answers - A strain within sociology that believes the social world can be described
and predicted by certain observable relationships
Harriet Martineau - Answers - One of the *earliest feminist social scientists*
- Translated Comte's work to English
- Took on the *institution of marriage*, claiming that is was based on the assumption of inferiority of
women
- Famous works: *How to Observe Morals and Manners, Theory and Practice of Society in America*
Karl Marx - Answers - Theory of *historical materialism*, which identifies class conflict as the primary
cause of social change
- "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs"
- Alternative to capitalism
- Famous works: *The Communist Manifesto, Capital*
Max Weber - Answers - Emphasis on subjectivity became a foundation of interpretive sociology
- Humans act on the basis of their own understanding of the situation
, - Developed *verstehen*
- Famous works: *Economy and Society*
Verstehen - Answers - Understanding the social behavior by putting oneself in the place of others
Emile Durkheim - Answers - Positivist sociology
- Developed theory that division of labor helps to determine how social cohesion is maintained, or not
maintained, in that society
- Coined term *anomie*
- Famous works: *The Division of Labor in Society, The Elementary forms of Religious Life, Suicide*
Anomie - Answers - A sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably
expect life to be predictable, normlessness
Georg Simmel - Answers - *Formal sociology*, or a sociology of pure numbers
- Small group interactions, network theory
- Famous works: *The Philosophy of Money, The Stranger, On Secrecy*
American sociology - Answers - Became prominent at University of Chicago
- Perspective that emerged became known as the *"Chicago School"*
Chicago School - Answers - Focused on the *empirical research*, with the belief that people's behaviors
and personalities are shaped by their *social* and *physical* environments
Chicago thinkers - Answers - Charles Horton Cooley
- George Hebert Mead
- W.I. Thomas
- W.E.B. DuBois
- Jane Addams
W.E.B. DuBois - Answers - First African American man to get a PhD from Harvard
- First African American sociologist
- Coined term *double consciousness*
Double consciousness - Answers - Refers to an individual's constant awareness of how others perceive
them and how those perceptions alter their own behavior
Sociology - Answers - The study of human society
- Assumes that human actions are *patterned* and can be explained partly by social forces
Sociological Imagination - Answers - Coined by *C. Wright Mills*
- The ability to connect the most basic, intimate aspects of an individual's life to seemingly impersonal
and remote historical forces
Social institution - Answers - A complex group of *interdependent* positions that, together, preform a
social role and reproduce themselves over time
- Networks or structures in society that work to socialize the groups of people within them
Social identity - Answers - The way individuals define themselves in relationship to groups they are a
part of (or in relationship to groups they choose not to be a part of)
Auguste Comte - Answers - Recognized as the *father of sociology*
- Believed that society could be studied *scientifically*, called *social physics* or *positivism*
- Famous works: *Positive Philosophy*
Positivist sociology - Answers - A strain within sociology that believes the social world can be described
and predicted by certain observable relationships
Harriet Martineau - Answers - One of the *earliest feminist social scientists*
- Translated Comte's work to English
- Took on the *institution of marriage*, claiming that is was based on the assumption of inferiority of
women
- Famous works: *How to Observe Morals and Manners, Theory and Practice of Society in America*
Karl Marx - Answers - Theory of *historical materialism*, which identifies class conflict as the primary
cause of social change
- "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs"
- Alternative to capitalism
- Famous works: *The Communist Manifesto, Capital*
Max Weber - Answers - Emphasis on subjectivity became a foundation of interpretive sociology
- Humans act on the basis of their own understanding of the situation
, - Developed *verstehen*
- Famous works: *Economy and Society*
Verstehen - Answers - Understanding the social behavior by putting oneself in the place of others
Emile Durkheim - Answers - Positivist sociology
- Developed theory that division of labor helps to determine how social cohesion is maintained, or not
maintained, in that society
- Coined term *anomie*
- Famous works: *The Division of Labor in Society, The Elementary forms of Religious Life, Suicide*
Anomie - Answers - A sense of aimlessness or despair that arises when we can no longer reasonably
expect life to be predictable, normlessness
Georg Simmel - Answers - *Formal sociology*, or a sociology of pure numbers
- Small group interactions, network theory
- Famous works: *The Philosophy of Money, The Stranger, On Secrecy*
American sociology - Answers - Became prominent at University of Chicago
- Perspective that emerged became known as the *"Chicago School"*
Chicago School - Answers - Focused on the *empirical research*, with the belief that people's behaviors
and personalities are shaped by their *social* and *physical* environments
Chicago thinkers - Answers - Charles Horton Cooley
- George Hebert Mead
- W.I. Thomas
- W.E.B. DuBois
- Jane Addams
W.E.B. DuBois - Answers - First African American man to get a PhD from Harvard
- First African American sociologist
- Coined term *double consciousness*
Double consciousness - Answers - Refers to an individual's constant awareness of how others perceive
them and how those perceptions alter their own behavior
