1. Which of the following is a primary complication of untreated
hypertension?
A. Diabetes
B. Stroke
C. Asthma
D. Hyperthyroidism
Answer: B) Stroke
Rationale: Untreated hypertension can cause damage to blood
vessels, increasing the risk of a stroke due to the development of
atherosclerosis or rupture of a weakened vessel.
2. A patient with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) is at increased risk for which of the following?
A. Infection
B. Weight loss
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Stroke
Answer: A) Infection
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that affects the immune
system, leaving the patient at higher risk for infections due to
immunosuppressive therapy and the disease itself.
3. A patient with acute bacterial meningitis is likely to experience
which of the following?
A. Increased thirst and urination
B. Severe headache and neck stiffness
C. Joint pain and swelling
D. Abdominal pain and bloating
Answer: B) Severe headache and neck stiffness
Rationale: Acute bacterial meningitis causes inflammation of the
meninges, leading to symptoms like severe headache, neck
,stiffness, photophobia, and fever.
4. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is most at risk for
which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium
effectively, leading to the accumulation of potassium in the blood,
resulting in hyperkalemia.
5. A patient is being treated for acute pancreatitis. What is a
common complication of this condition?
A. Renal failure
B. Chronic diarrhea
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Gallstones
Answer: A) Renal failure
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis can lead to systemic complications,
including renal failure, due to inflammation and the release of
digestive enzymes into the bloodstream.
6. A patient presents with a chronic cough, wheezing, and
shortness of breath. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
C. Asthma
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: C) Asthma
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by inflammation and
constriction of the airways, leading to symptoms like chronic
, cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
7. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in
older adults?
A. Fever and chills
B. Confusion and delirium
C. Painful urination
D. Excessive thirst
Answer: B) Confusion and delirium
Rationale: In older adults, UTIs may present with atypical
symptoms such as confusion, delirium, or agitation, rather than
the typical symptoms of fever and dysuria.
8. A nurse is assessing a client with a suspected myocardial
infarction (MI). Which finding would be most indicative of an MI?
A. Severe sharp chest pain that radiates to the left shoulder
B. Shortness of breath with a productive cough
C. Gradual onset of bilateral lower leg edema
D. Sudden dizziness with no associated chest pain
Answer: A) Severe sharp chest pain that radiates to the left
shoulder
Rationale: A common symptom of myocardial infarction is chest
pain that radiates to the left shoulder or arm. This is due to
ischemia affecting the heart muscle.
9. What condition is characterized by the failure of the heart to
pump effectively, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion?
A. Stroke
B. Coronary artery disease (CAD)
C. Heart failure
D. Hypertension
Answer: C) Heart failure
Rationale: Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump
hypertension?
A. Diabetes
B. Stroke
C. Asthma
D. Hyperthyroidism
Answer: B) Stroke
Rationale: Untreated hypertension can cause damage to blood
vessels, increasing the risk of a stroke due to the development of
atherosclerosis or rupture of a weakened vessel.
2. A patient with a diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE) is at increased risk for which of the following?
A. Infection
B. Weight loss
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Stroke
Answer: A) Infection
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that affects the immune
system, leaving the patient at higher risk for infections due to
immunosuppressive therapy and the disease itself.
3. A patient with acute bacterial meningitis is likely to experience
which of the following?
A. Increased thirst and urination
B. Severe headache and neck stiffness
C. Joint pain and swelling
D. Abdominal pain and bloating
Answer: B) Severe headache and neck stiffness
Rationale: Acute bacterial meningitis causes inflammation of the
meninges, leading to symptoms like severe headache, neck
,stiffness, photophobia, and fever.
4. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is most at risk for
which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: A) Hyperkalemia
Rationale: In CKD, the kidneys are unable to excrete potassium
effectively, leading to the accumulation of potassium in the blood,
resulting in hyperkalemia.
5. A patient is being treated for acute pancreatitis. What is a
common complication of this condition?
A. Renal failure
B. Chronic diarrhea
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Gallstones
Answer: A) Renal failure
Rationale: Acute pancreatitis can lead to systemic complications,
including renal failure, due to inflammation and the release of
digestive enzymes into the bloodstream.
6. A patient presents with a chronic cough, wheezing, and
shortness of breath. Which condition should the nurse suspect?
A. Bronchitis
B. Emphysema
C. Asthma
D. Pulmonary embolism
Answer: C) Asthma
Rationale: Asthma is characterized by inflammation and
constriction of the airways, leading to symptoms like chronic
, cough, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
7. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in
older adults?
A. Fever and chills
B. Confusion and delirium
C. Painful urination
D. Excessive thirst
Answer: B) Confusion and delirium
Rationale: In older adults, UTIs may present with atypical
symptoms such as confusion, delirium, or agitation, rather than
the typical symptoms of fever and dysuria.
8. A nurse is assessing a client with a suspected myocardial
infarction (MI). Which finding would be most indicative of an MI?
A. Severe sharp chest pain that radiates to the left shoulder
B. Shortness of breath with a productive cough
C. Gradual onset of bilateral lower leg edema
D. Sudden dizziness with no associated chest pain
Answer: A) Severe sharp chest pain that radiates to the left
shoulder
Rationale: A common symptom of myocardial infarction is chest
pain that radiates to the left shoulder or arm. This is due to
ischemia affecting the heart muscle.
9. What condition is characterized by the failure of the heart to
pump effectively, leading to inadequate tissue perfusion?
A. Stroke
B. Coronary artery disease (CAD)
C. Heart failure
D. Hypertension
Answer: C) Heart failure
Rationale: Heart failure occurs when the heart is unable to pump
