HONDROS BIO 117 ACTUAL Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
What is the mitochondria? - ANS power house of the cell and produces and supplies the cell
with energy(ATP production)
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - ANS a network of membranous tubules within the
cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes
attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
(protein (rough ER),Steroid synthesis (smooth ER) )
What is the golgi apparatus? - ANS Another membrane of the cell which is used for
transportation throughout the cell
(packaging and transporting proteins)
What are lysosomes? - ANS cleaning up cell debris
What are the types of passive transport? - ANS diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
What is osmosis? - ANS movement of water across a membrane
What is filtration? - ANS Movement across a membrane, under pressure, from higher to
lower pressure, no energy required
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,What are the types of active transport? - ANS protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis
What in the purpose of the sodium/potassium pump? - ANS It is a transport pump for
Na+/K+ for nerve conduction
What is endocytosis used for? - ANS take in large molecules
What is exocytosis? - ANS materials are exported out of the cell (energy required)
What are the types of macromolecules? - ANS carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
What is a macromolecule? - ANS a molecule containing a very large number of atoms
What are the types carbohydrates? - ANS monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides? - ANS glucose, fructose, galactose
What is a monosaccharide? - ANS single sugar
What is fructose? - ANS fruit sugar
What is galactose? - ANS "milk sugar" found in lactose
What is glucose? - ANS blood sugar
What is a disaccharide? - ANS two monosaccharides joined together
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, What are the types of disaccharides? - ANS sucrose, lactose, maltose
What is lactose? - ANS milk sugar
What is sucrose made of? - ANS fructose and glucose
What is maltose composed of? - ANS two glucose molecules
What are the types of polysaccharides? - ANS starch, glycogen, cellulose(fiber)
What is polysaccharides? - ANS long chain of monosaccharides, many sugars,
What is glycogen? - ANS It is a stored formed of glucose/energy manufactured by the liver
What is starch? - ANS storage form of glucose in plants
What is cellulose? - ANS A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of
many organisms,(fiber)
What are the types of lipids ? - ANS triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
What is a lipid? - ANS fats and oils
What is triglycerides? - ANS glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What is a phospholipid? - ANS Cell Membranes that form lipid layers
Pg. 3 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
Questions and Answers
What is the mitochondria? - ANS power house of the cell and produces and supplies the cell
with energy(ATP production)
What is the endoplasmic reticulum? - ANS a network of membranous tubules within the
cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes
attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
(protein (rough ER),Steroid synthesis (smooth ER) )
What is the golgi apparatus? - ANS Another membrane of the cell which is used for
transportation throughout the cell
(packaging and transporting proteins)
What are lysosomes? - ANS cleaning up cell debris
What are the types of passive transport? - ANS diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
What is osmosis? - ANS movement of water across a membrane
What is filtration? - ANS Movement across a membrane, under pressure, from higher to
lower pressure, no energy required
Pg. 1 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
,What are the types of active transport? - ANS protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis
What in the purpose of the sodium/potassium pump? - ANS It is a transport pump for
Na+/K+ for nerve conduction
What is endocytosis used for? - ANS take in large molecules
What is exocytosis? - ANS materials are exported out of the cell (energy required)
What are the types of macromolecules? - ANS carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids
What is a macromolecule? - ANS a molecule containing a very large number of atoms
What are the types carbohydrates? - ANS monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
What are monosaccharides? - ANS glucose, fructose, galactose
What is a monosaccharide? - ANS single sugar
What is fructose? - ANS fruit sugar
What is galactose? - ANS "milk sugar" found in lactose
What is glucose? - ANS blood sugar
What is a disaccharide? - ANS two monosaccharides joined together
Pg. 2 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
, What are the types of disaccharides? - ANS sucrose, lactose, maltose
What is lactose? - ANS milk sugar
What is sucrose made of? - ANS fructose and glucose
What is maltose composed of? - ANS two glucose molecules
What are the types of polysaccharides? - ANS starch, glycogen, cellulose(fiber)
What is polysaccharides? - ANS long chain of monosaccharides, many sugars,
What is glycogen? - ANS It is a stored formed of glucose/energy manufactured by the liver
What is starch? - ANS storage form of glucose in plants
What is cellulose? - ANS A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of
many organisms,(fiber)
What are the types of lipids ? - ANS triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids
What is a lipid? - ANS fats and oils
What is triglycerides? - ANS glycerol and 3 fatty acids
What is a phospholipid? - ANS Cell Membranes that form lipid layers
Pg. 3 Copyright © 2025 Jasonmcconell. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
