1. A nurse is teaching a client about complete proteins. Which of the
following foods should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Lentils
B. Brown rice
C. Soybeans
D. Peanut butter
Answer: C. Soybeans
Rationale: Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids.
Soybeans are a plant-based complete protein source. Lentils, rice, and
peanut butter are incomplete proteins.
2. Which food choice supports iron absorption in a client taking oral
iron supplements?
A. Milk
B. Coffee
C. Orange juice
D. Green tea
Answer: C. Orange juice
Rationale: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption. Milk and tannins in
coffee/tea inhibit absorption.
3. A nurse is teaching a client about the DASH diet. Which of the
following is emphasized?
A. Low sodium and high potassium
B. High fat and low carb
C. Increased protein
D. Gluten avoidance
Answer: A. Low sodium and high potassium
Rationale: The DASH diet lowers blood pressure by reducing sodium
and increasing potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
,4. A nurse is educating a client about potassium-rich foods. Which
statement indicates understanding?
A. “I will eat more canned soups.”
B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
C. “I should eat white bread.”
D. “I’ll drink cranberry juice.”
Answer: B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
Rationale: Dried apricots, bananas, and potatoes are excellent sources
of potassium.
5. A nurse is assessing a client with signs of hypocalcemia. Which of
the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypoactive reflexes
D. Constipation
Answer: A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
Rationale: A positive Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when the cheek
is tapped) indicates neuromuscular excitability from low calcium.
6. A nurse is reviewing the lab values of a client who has iron deficiency
anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Increased hematocrit
B. Decreased ferritin
C. Elevated transferrin saturation
D. Increased hemoglobin
Answer: B. Decreased ferritin
Rationale: Ferritin reflects iron stores, and it is typically decreased in
iron deficiency anemia. Hemoglobin and hematocrit may also be low;
transferrin saturation is usually decreased, not elevated.
7. Which food should a nurse suggest for a client needing increased
dietary fiber?
, A. White rice
B. Apples with skin
C. Chicken breast
D. Eggs
Answer: B. Apples with skin
Rationale: Whole fruits, especially with skin, are high in fiber. White
rice and animal products have little to no fiber.
8. Which of the following is a sign of vitamin C deficiency?
A. Night blindness
B. Delayed wound healing
C. Rickets
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: B. Delayed wound healing
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound
healing. Night blindness is related to vitamin A, rickets to vitamin D,
and neural tube defects to folate.
9. A vegetarian is at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
A. Fiber
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. Vegetarians and
vegans may require supplementation.
10. A nurse is planning care for a client who is newly diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should be included in the
teaching plan?
A. “Avoid all carbohydrates.”
B. “Use regular soda to treat low blood sugar.”
C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
following foods should the nurse include in the teaching?
A. Lentils
B. Brown rice
C. Soybeans
D. Peanut butter
Answer: C. Soybeans
Rationale: Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids.
Soybeans are a plant-based complete protein source. Lentils, rice, and
peanut butter are incomplete proteins.
2. Which food choice supports iron absorption in a client taking oral
iron supplements?
A. Milk
B. Coffee
C. Orange juice
D. Green tea
Answer: C. Orange juice
Rationale: Vitamin C enhances iron absorption. Milk and tannins in
coffee/tea inhibit absorption.
3. A nurse is teaching a client about the DASH diet. Which of the
following is emphasized?
A. Low sodium and high potassium
B. High fat and low carb
C. Increased protein
D. Gluten avoidance
Answer: A. Low sodium and high potassium
Rationale: The DASH diet lowers blood pressure by reducing sodium
and increasing potassium, calcium, and magnesium.
,4. A nurse is educating a client about potassium-rich foods. Which
statement indicates understanding?
A. “I will eat more canned soups.”
B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
C. “I should eat white bread.”
D. “I’ll drink cranberry juice.”
Answer: B. “I’ll snack on dried apricots.”
Rationale: Dried apricots, bananas, and potatoes are excellent sources
of potassium.
5. A nurse is assessing a client with signs of hypocalcemia. Which of
the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
B. Bradycardia
C. Hypoactive reflexes
D. Constipation
Answer: A. Positive Chvostek’s sign
Rationale: A positive Chvostek’s sign (facial twitching when the cheek
is tapped) indicates neuromuscular excitability from low calcium.
6. A nurse is reviewing the lab values of a client who has iron deficiency
anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
A. Increased hematocrit
B. Decreased ferritin
C. Elevated transferrin saturation
D. Increased hemoglobin
Answer: B. Decreased ferritin
Rationale: Ferritin reflects iron stores, and it is typically decreased in
iron deficiency anemia. Hemoglobin and hematocrit may also be low;
transferrin saturation is usually decreased, not elevated.
7. Which food should a nurse suggest for a client needing increased
dietary fiber?
, A. White rice
B. Apples with skin
C. Chicken breast
D. Eggs
Answer: B. Apples with skin
Rationale: Whole fruits, especially with skin, are high in fiber. White
rice and animal products have little to no fiber.
8. Which of the following is a sign of vitamin C deficiency?
A. Night blindness
B. Delayed wound healing
C. Rickets
D. Neural tube defects
Answer: B. Delayed wound healing
Rationale: Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and wound
healing. Night blindness is related to vitamin A, rickets to vitamin D,
and neural tube defects to folate.
9. A vegetarian is at risk for deficiency in which nutrient?
A. Fiber
B. Vitamin B12
C. Vitamin C
D. Magnesium
Answer: B. Vitamin B12
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found in animal products. Vegetarians and
vegans may require supplementation.
10. A nurse is planning care for a client who is newly diagnosed with
type 2 diabetes. Which of the following should be included in the
teaching plan?
A. “Avoid all carbohydrates.”
B. “Use regular soda to treat low blood sugar.”
C. “Eat meals and snacks at regular times.”
