BIOL 241- Genetics- Exam 1
Purdue Actual study set with Questions
and correct/verified Answers
The fundamental unit of inheritance - ANSW-gene
Mitosis leads to: - ANSW-two cells with same # of chromosomes as each parent
Meiosis leads to: - ANSW-production of gametes
DNA is wound around - ANSW-histones
DNA around histones makes up _______ which is condensed into __________ - ANSW-chromatin;
chromosomes
in diploid organisms, chromosomes exist in - ANSW-homologous pairs
ploidy= - ANSW-# of sets of chromosomes in a cell
haploid= - ANSW-n
diploid - ANSW-2n
homologous chromosomes have the same - ANSW-loci
metacentric - ANSW-chromosome central
submetacentric - ANSW-centromere towards one end
acrocentric - ANSW-centromere very far towards one end
telocentric - ANSW-centromere completely at one end
the point in which the cell withdraws from the cell cycle - ANSW-G0
Meiosis I is a __________ division. ________ separates - ANSW-reductional; homologous pairs
Meiosis II is a ________ division. ________ separates - ANSW-equational; sister chromatids
5 stages of Prophase I in Meiosis - ANSW-leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis
2^n is - ANSW-number of combinations possible when chromosomes assort independently into gametes
meiosis ____ the level of genetic variation - ANSW-increases
meiosis ______ the amount of genetic material by _______ - ANSW-decreases; 1/2
Meiosis produces - ANSW-4 haploid gametes or spores containing one member of each homologous pair
of chromosome
Theory of Pangenesis - ANSW-Proposed by Hippocrates (ca. 400 B.C.) - "Seeds" are produced by all parts
of the body • Collected in the reproductive organs • Then transmitted to offspring at moment of
conception
, Theory of Preformationism - ANSW-The organism is contained in one of the sex cells
as a fully developed (albeit miniature)
homunculus
Blending Theory of Inheritance - ANSW-This is the theory that offspring have a blend, or mix, of the
characteristics of their parents.
Experiment from German Botanist Kolreuter - ANSW-tobacco plant crosses; parental traits are mixed and
forever change the offspring
reasons Mendel used pea plants - ANSW-ease of cultivation, rapid reproduction, small size, fecund are
available and easy to identify (potentially broad literature)
7 characteristics mendel studied - ANSW-height
flower color
flower position
seed color
seed shape
pod color
pod shape
monohybrid cross - ANSW-A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits
autosomal inheritance - ANSW-Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome
mendel's results - ANSW-F1- 1 parental trait
F2 shows 3:1
mendel's results refuted - ANSW-blended theory of inheritance
alleles are - ANSW-alternate forms of a gene
genotype - ANSW-genetic makeup of an organism
testcross - ANSW-cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a
recessive phenotype
the phenotype of the progeny in test cross (1 parent heterozygous; 1 parent homozygous recessive) -
ANSW-1:1 ratio ALWAYS
Mendel's First Law - ANSW-law of segregation
Law of Segregation - ANSW-Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes
separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete
Mendel's Second Law - ANSW-law of independent assortment
Purdue Actual study set with Questions
and correct/verified Answers
The fundamental unit of inheritance - ANSW-gene
Mitosis leads to: - ANSW-two cells with same # of chromosomes as each parent
Meiosis leads to: - ANSW-production of gametes
DNA is wound around - ANSW-histones
DNA around histones makes up _______ which is condensed into __________ - ANSW-chromatin;
chromosomes
in diploid organisms, chromosomes exist in - ANSW-homologous pairs
ploidy= - ANSW-# of sets of chromosomes in a cell
haploid= - ANSW-n
diploid - ANSW-2n
homologous chromosomes have the same - ANSW-loci
metacentric - ANSW-chromosome central
submetacentric - ANSW-centromere towards one end
acrocentric - ANSW-centromere very far towards one end
telocentric - ANSW-centromere completely at one end
the point in which the cell withdraws from the cell cycle - ANSW-G0
Meiosis I is a __________ division. ________ separates - ANSW-reductional; homologous pairs
Meiosis II is a ________ division. ________ separates - ANSW-equational; sister chromatids
5 stages of Prophase I in Meiosis - ANSW-leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis
2^n is - ANSW-number of combinations possible when chromosomes assort independently into gametes
meiosis ____ the level of genetic variation - ANSW-increases
meiosis ______ the amount of genetic material by _______ - ANSW-decreases; 1/2
Meiosis produces - ANSW-4 haploid gametes or spores containing one member of each homologous pair
of chromosome
Theory of Pangenesis - ANSW-Proposed by Hippocrates (ca. 400 B.C.) - "Seeds" are produced by all parts
of the body • Collected in the reproductive organs • Then transmitted to offspring at moment of
conception
, Theory of Preformationism - ANSW-The organism is contained in one of the sex cells
as a fully developed (albeit miniature)
homunculus
Blending Theory of Inheritance - ANSW-This is the theory that offspring have a blend, or mix, of the
characteristics of their parents.
Experiment from German Botanist Kolreuter - ANSW-tobacco plant crosses; parental traits are mixed and
forever change the offspring
reasons Mendel used pea plants - ANSW-ease of cultivation, rapid reproduction, small size, fecund are
available and easy to identify (potentially broad literature)
7 characteristics mendel studied - ANSW-height
flower color
flower position
seed color
seed shape
pod color
pod shape
monohybrid cross - ANSW-A cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits
autosomal inheritance - ANSW-Inheritance of a genetic trait not on a sex chromosome
mendel's results - ANSW-F1- 1 parental trait
F2 shows 3:1
mendel's results refuted - ANSW-blended theory of inheritance
alleles are - ANSW-alternate forms of a gene
genotype - ANSW-genetic makeup of an organism
testcross - ANSW-cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a
recessive phenotype
the phenotype of the progeny in test cross (1 parent heterozygous; 1 parent homozygous recessive) -
ANSW-1:1 ratio ALWAYS
Mendel's First Law - ANSW-law of segregation
Law of Segregation - ANSW-Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes
separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete
Mendel's Second Law - ANSW-law of independent assortment
