BIOL 241 - Exam 1 Study Guide Actual
study with Questions and
correct/verified Answers
List the different types of tissue - ANSW-- Epithelial
- Connective
- Nervous
- Muscle
What is an example of epithelial tissue? - ANSW-Simple squamous epithelium - lines cornea
What is an example of connective tissue? - ANSW-Reticular connective tissue - found in lungs
What is an example of nervous tissue? - ANSW-Neural tissue - found brain & spinal cord
What is an example of muscle tissue? - ANSW-Smooth muscle tissue - found in walls of visceral organs
What is epithelium? - ANSW-Epithelium is tissue the covers to outside or lines the inside of a structure
What are the characteristics of epithelia? - ANSW-- Avascular
- Regeneration
- Attached to basal lamina or other cells
What is avascular? - ANSW-Without blood vessels
What is epithelial regeneration? - ANSW-Epithelial cells are able to regenerate by using stem cells
What does it mean for epithelial cells to be attached to the basal lamina or other cells? - ANSW-
Epithelial cells are all hooked up rather than acting as individual cells
What are the functions of epithelia? - ANSW-- Protection
- Produces secretion
- Control passage of material
- Relay sensory information
What is the role of epithelia in protection? - ANSW-Protects underlying structures against harm such as
heat or abrasions
What is the role of secretion production in epithelia? - ANSW-Produces secretions such as sweat or saliva
What does control passage of material refer to for epithelia? - ANSW-Epithelial tissue can either be
permeable or impermeable
How does epithelial tissue relay sensory information? - ANSW-Epithelial cells have no nerve endings so
the sensory neurons lie below the epithelial where information is passed on
What do you need to know specifically to be able to name the exact type of epithelia? - ANSW-- How
many layers there are of the epithelial cells
- The shape of the epithelial cells at the apical layer
What are the different terms used to describe the shapes of cells and number of cell layers found in
epithelia? - ANSW-- Shapes (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional)
- Layers (simple or stratified)
, In general, what is the function of simple epithelium? - ANSW-The function of simple epithelium is to
serve as filtration, absorption and secretion but is not good for protection
Give 2 different locations of where you can find simple squamous epithelium - ANSW-- Portions of
kidney tubules
- Inner lining of cornea
In general what is the function of stratified epithelium? - ANSW-The general function of stratified
epithelium is protection against abrasion but not good for filtration, secretion, and absorption
Which type of epithelium is better for diffusion to take place with? - ANSW-Simple epithelium
Which type of epithelium is better for protecting underlying things? - ANSW-Stratified epithelium
(specify keratinized/non-keratinized)
Give 3 different locations of where you can find stratified squamous epithelium? - ANSW-- Surface of the
skin
- Lining of the mouth
- Vagina
What are the functions of intercellular junctions? - ANSW-Cell junctions form bonds with other cells or
extracellular material
Name the different intercellular junctions - ANSW-- Tight (occluding) junctions
- Adhesion belt
- Gap junctions
- Desmosome
- Hemidesmosomes
Which type of intercellular junction does not allow material to pass down between cells? - ANSW-Tight
junctions because you pinch two membranes from a cell with a protein creating a blockage
Which type of intercellular junction will allow material to pass from one cell into its neighboring cell? -
ANSW-Gap junction because it creates a gap between two cells to allow substances to diffuse
What cell type produces new epithelia cells? - ANSW-Stem cells (aka germ cells)
Describe two major groups of all glands - all glands could be placed into one of these two groups -
ANSW-- Exocrine gland
- Endocrine gland
Define an exocrine gland and describe their structure (their different parts) - ANSW-- An exocrine gland
secretes fluids into the epithelial surfaces of the body
- Acinus (epithelial cells that make up tissues and lumen)
- Ducts (Glands have ducts that usually act as pore to lead to the body surfaces to secrete fluids)
Define an endocrine gland - ANSW-Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood circulatory
system and modulate internal body processes
What is apocrine secretion? - ANSW-is released by shedding cytoplasm an example is the mammary
gland
What is holocrine secretion? - ANSW-Is released by cells bursting and killing gland cells, an example is
sebaceous gland
What is merocrine secretion? - ANSW-Is released by vessels, an example is sweat glands
study with Questions and
correct/verified Answers
List the different types of tissue - ANSW-- Epithelial
- Connective
- Nervous
- Muscle
What is an example of epithelial tissue? - ANSW-Simple squamous epithelium - lines cornea
What is an example of connective tissue? - ANSW-Reticular connective tissue - found in lungs
What is an example of nervous tissue? - ANSW-Neural tissue - found brain & spinal cord
What is an example of muscle tissue? - ANSW-Smooth muscle tissue - found in walls of visceral organs
What is epithelium? - ANSW-Epithelium is tissue the covers to outside or lines the inside of a structure
What are the characteristics of epithelia? - ANSW-- Avascular
- Regeneration
- Attached to basal lamina or other cells
What is avascular? - ANSW-Without blood vessels
What is epithelial regeneration? - ANSW-Epithelial cells are able to regenerate by using stem cells
What does it mean for epithelial cells to be attached to the basal lamina or other cells? - ANSW-
Epithelial cells are all hooked up rather than acting as individual cells
What are the functions of epithelia? - ANSW-- Protection
- Produces secretion
- Control passage of material
- Relay sensory information
What is the role of epithelia in protection? - ANSW-Protects underlying structures against harm such as
heat or abrasions
What is the role of secretion production in epithelia? - ANSW-Produces secretions such as sweat or saliva
What does control passage of material refer to for epithelia? - ANSW-Epithelial tissue can either be
permeable or impermeable
How does epithelial tissue relay sensory information? - ANSW-Epithelial cells have no nerve endings so
the sensory neurons lie below the epithelial where information is passed on
What do you need to know specifically to be able to name the exact type of epithelia? - ANSW-- How
many layers there are of the epithelial cells
- The shape of the epithelial cells at the apical layer
What are the different terms used to describe the shapes of cells and number of cell layers found in
epithelia? - ANSW-- Shapes (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional)
- Layers (simple or stratified)
, In general, what is the function of simple epithelium? - ANSW-The function of simple epithelium is to
serve as filtration, absorption and secretion but is not good for protection
Give 2 different locations of where you can find simple squamous epithelium - ANSW-- Portions of
kidney tubules
- Inner lining of cornea
In general what is the function of stratified epithelium? - ANSW-The general function of stratified
epithelium is protection against abrasion but not good for filtration, secretion, and absorption
Which type of epithelium is better for diffusion to take place with? - ANSW-Simple epithelium
Which type of epithelium is better for protecting underlying things? - ANSW-Stratified epithelium
(specify keratinized/non-keratinized)
Give 3 different locations of where you can find stratified squamous epithelium? - ANSW-- Surface of the
skin
- Lining of the mouth
- Vagina
What are the functions of intercellular junctions? - ANSW-Cell junctions form bonds with other cells or
extracellular material
Name the different intercellular junctions - ANSW-- Tight (occluding) junctions
- Adhesion belt
- Gap junctions
- Desmosome
- Hemidesmosomes
Which type of intercellular junction does not allow material to pass down between cells? - ANSW-Tight
junctions because you pinch two membranes from a cell with a protein creating a blockage
Which type of intercellular junction will allow material to pass from one cell into its neighboring cell? -
ANSW-Gap junction because it creates a gap between two cells to allow substances to diffuse
What cell type produces new epithelia cells? - ANSW-Stem cells (aka germ cells)
Describe two major groups of all glands - all glands could be placed into one of these two groups -
ANSW-- Exocrine gland
- Endocrine gland
Define an exocrine gland and describe their structure (their different parts) - ANSW-- An exocrine gland
secretes fluids into the epithelial surfaces of the body
- Acinus (epithelial cells that make up tissues and lumen)
- Ducts (Glands have ducts that usually act as pore to lead to the body surfaces to secrete fluids)
Define an endocrine gland - ANSW-Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the blood circulatory
system and modulate internal body processes
What is apocrine secretion? - ANSW-is released by shedding cytoplasm an example is the mammary
gland
What is holocrine secretion? - ANSW-Is released by cells bursting and killing gland cells, an example is
sebaceous gland
What is merocrine secretion? - ANSW-Is released by vessels, an example is sweat glands
