Chapter 1: Crop Production and
Management – Class 8 CBSE Science
1. What is a Crop?
- A crop is a group of plants of the same kind grown and cultivated at one place on a large
scale.
- Types of Crops:
- Kharif crops: Grown in rainy season (June to October), e.g., paddy, maize, cotton.
- Rabi crops: Grown in winter season (November to April), e.g., wheat, gram, mustard.
2. Basic Practices of Crop Production
1. Preparation of Soil:
- Loosening and turning of soil using tools like plough.
- Helps in proper root growth, aeration, and nutrient absorption.
2. Sowing:
- Selection of high-quality, disease-free seeds.
- Proper depth and spacing are important.
3. Adding Manure and Fertilizers:
- Manure: Natural, improves soil fertility and texture.
- Fertilizers: Chemical substances rich in nutrients (e.g., urea, NPK).
4. Irrigation:
- Supplying water to crops.
- Traditional methods: Moat, Chain pump.
- Modern methods: Sprinkler system, Drip irrigation.
5. Protection from Weeds:
- Weeds are unwanted plants that compete with crops.
- Controlled by weeding or weedicides like 2,4-D.
6. Harvesting:
- Cutting mature crops using sickle or harvester.
- Followed by threshing to separate grains from stalks.
7. Storage:
- Grains are dried before storage.
- Stored in granaries or silos.
Management – Class 8 CBSE Science
1. What is a Crop?
- A crop is a group of plants of the same kind grown and cultivated at one place on a large
scale.
- Types of Crops:
- Kharif crops: Grown in rainy season (June to October), e.g., paddy, maize, cotton.
- Rabi crops: Grown in winter season (November to April), e.g., wheat, gram, mustard.
2. Basic Practices of Crop Production
1. Preparation of Soil:
- Loosening and turning of soil using tools like plough.
- Helps in proper root growth, aeration, and nutrient absorption.
2. Sowing:
- Selection of high-quality, disease-free seeds.
- Proper depth and spacing are important.
3. Adding Manure and Fertilizers:
- Manure: Natural, improves soil fertility and texture.
- Fertilizers: Chemical substances rich in nutrients (e.g., urea, NPK).
4. Irrigation:
- Supplying water to crops.
- Traditional methods: Moat, Chain pump.
- Modern methods: Sprinkler system, Drip irrigation.
5. Protection from Weeds:
- Weeds are unwanted plants that compete with crops.
- Controlled by weeding or weedicides like 2,4-D.
6. Harvesting:
- Cutting mature crops using sickle or harvester.
- Followed by threshing to separate grains from stalks.
7. Storage:
- Grains are dried before storage.
- Stored in granaries or silos.
