BIOL-2116 Final Exam with Questions and Correct Answers 2025 .

BIOL-2116 Final Exam with Questions and
Correct Answers 2025



Classification ,of ,bacteria ,does ,what? ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-groups ,species
,according ,to ,evolutionary ,relationships


Identification ,of ,bacteria ,does ,what? ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-relies ,on ,tests ,that ,may
,have ,little ,to ,do ,with ,evolutionary ,relationships


Specificity ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-the ,ability ,of ,a ,test ,to ,identify ,a ,single ,pathogen,
,high ,specificity ,reduces ,the ,number ,of ,false ,positive ,results


Sensitivity ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-the ,smallest ,quantity ,of ,a ,pathogen ,(or ,product ,of
,a ,pathogen) ,that ,a ,test ,can ,identify, ,high ,sensitivity ,reduces ,number ,of ,false ,negative
,results


Morphology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-shape, ,size, ,presence ,of ,fijmbraie, ,flagella,
,endospores ,etc., ,more ,useful ,in ,identifying ,eukaryotic ,organisms


Differential ,Staining ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Allows ,for ,the ,identification ,of ,cells ,using
,more ,then ,one ,chemical ,or ,stain ,to ,identify ,the ,structural ,differences ,of ,the ,cells ,in
,the ,sample


Examples ,of ,differential ,staining ,include ,what? ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-gram ,staining,
,acid-fast ,staining, ,Schaeffer-Fulton ,endospore ,stain, ,flagella ,staining


What ,colour ,do ,gram-positive ,cells ,appear? ,Negative? ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-purple,
,pink


In ,addition ,to ,using ,gram ,staining ,what ,other ,test ,is ,used ,to ,identify ,N.gonorrhoeae
,and ,why? ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-oxidase ,test, ,in ,order ,to ,differentiate ,between ,the
,gonorrhoea ,and ,other ,bacteria


Biochemical ,results ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Most ,rely ,on ,detecting ,the ,presence ,or
,absence ,of ,a ,particular ,enzyme ,or ,biochemical ,pathway ,such ,as ,catalase


The ,Enterotube ,2 ,is ,an ,example ,of ,what ,test? ,What ,does ,it ,do? ,- ,CORRECT
,ANSWER-rapid ,biochemical ,identification ,system, ,each ,compartment ,is ,scored ,and
,the ,pre ,assigned ,code ,that ,is ,produced ,identifies ,the ,most ,likely ,bacteria ,present

, Serology ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Study ,of ,antigen-antibody ,reactions ,in ,vitro

Serological ,tests ,usually ,have ,high ,_______________, ,because ,epitopes ,are ,very
,often ,specific ,to ,________ ,______ ,of ,bacteria ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-specificity, ,one
,type


ELISA ,(enzyme-linked ,immunosorbent ,assay) ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-- ,Known
,antibodies ,bound ,to ,microplate ,well
- ,Unknown ,sample ,of ,bacteria ,added
- ,Binding ,of ,bacteria ,to ,antibody ,allows ,identification

Western ,Blotting ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Method ,for ,detecting ,microbial ,proteins ,in
,the ,blood ,of ,an ,infected ,patient


What ,indicates ,a ,positive ,Western ,Blotting ,test ,result? ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-
antibody ,flagged ,with ,fluorescent ,dye ,binds ,to ,cells

Phage ,typing ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Different ,strains ,of ,the ,same ,bacteria ,may ,show
,different ,degrees ,of ,pathogenicity ,& ,different ,sensitivity ,to ,antibiotics, ,some ,may
,show ,susceptibility ,to ,phage ,infection ,(Type ,A ,responds ,to ,phage ,1 ,and ,B ,responds
,to ,phage ,2)


Fatty ,acid ,profiles ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-Fatty ,acids ,are ,components ,of ,cell
,membranes, ,different ,species ,show ,unique ,ratios ,of ,different ,fatty ,acids
Fatty ,acids ,can ,be ,isolated ,from ,infectious ,bacteria ,and ,can ,identify ,what ,species ,is
,present


Flow ,cytometry ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-- ,A ,'flow ,cytometer' ,is ,a ,piece ,of ,equipment
,that ,forces ,a ,liquid ,sample ,through ,a ,small ,tube
- ,Electrical ,conductivity ,can ,be ,measured ,in ,the ,tube ,to ,detect ,the ,presence ,of
,bacterial ,contamination
- ,Fluorescence ,can ,also ,be ,measured

DNA ,base ,composition ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-the ,amount ,(A+T)/(C+G) ,is ,variable
,between ,species, ,if ,we ,know ,the ,composition ,of ,the ,different ,strains ,we ,can ,isolate
,the ,DNA ,of ,the ,bacteria ,in ,question ,and ,identify ,it ,this ,way


DNA ,fingerprinting ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-A ,'restriction ,enzyme' ,is ,an ,enzyme ,which
,recognizes ,particular ,base ,sequences ,in ,DNA ,and ,cuts ,the ,DNA ,at ,those ,sequences,
,meaning ,we ,can ,identify ,the ,type ,of ,bacteria ,by ,the ,way ,its ,DNA ,is ,cleaved


Polymerase ,Chain ,Reaction ,(PCR) ,- ,CORRECT ,ANSWER-- ,PCR ,is ,a ,technique ,used
,to ,'amplify' ,small ,amounts ,of ,a ,particular ,DNA ,sequence
- ,Relies ,on ,the ,use ,of ,specific ,'primers' ,flanking ,the ,sequence
- ,The ,primers ,recognize ,complementary ,sequences ,in ,a ,sample ,of ,unknown ,DNA
,(e.g ,from ,an ,unknown ,bacteria)