BIOD331
BIOD331 Pathophysiology Final Exam 2025
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up and keeping up with
the recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of: -Correct Answer
✔Primary prevention
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent diagnostic
tests revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a blood thinner to
prevent a future neurologic event. This would be an example of: -Correct Answer
✔Tertiary prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year, and his father
recently passed away from colon cancer at age 85. This would be an example of: -
Correct Answer ✔Secondary prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances -Correct Answer ✔False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large
intestine in one direction. -Correct Answer ✔Peristaltic movements
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to push
digestive contents forward and backward -Correct Answer ✔Segmentation Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. -Correct Answer ✔False,
one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. -Correct
Answer ✔True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His
hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value?
-Correct Answer ✔Normal
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? -
Correct Answer ✔Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? -
Correct Answer ✔Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. -Correct Answer ✔It is
involved in cellular respiration
BIOD331
,BIOD331
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? -Correct Answer ✔It includes peroxisomes and
proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? -Correct Answer ✔25-
hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? -Correct Answer
✔Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the differentiation of
red blood cells within bone marrow? -Correct Answer ✔Erythropoietin
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. -Correct Answer ✔Controls
the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth. -
Correct Answer ✔False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissues and
possesses a rapid rate of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow
rate of growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow
rate of growth. -Correct Answer ✔False. A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the
tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. -Correct Answer ✔Any
combination of the following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the
cells of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by
expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of metastasizing.
Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other
parts of the body, and lack well- defined margins. They can compress blood vessels
and outgrow their blood supply, causing ischemia and tissue injury.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. -Correct Answer ✔In dry
gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color
BIOD331
, BIOD331
changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a
cut-off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene,
the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under
tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by
bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis.
They mentioned that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their local gym because
they read that weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density. What word of caution
would you give to them as they participate in this program? -Correct Answer ✔While
weight-bearing exercises have been shown to increase bone density, they should be
done in a safe way, minimizing the risk for falls as they are at increased risk for fracture
with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis.
They mention to you that they are doing safe, weight bearing exercises each day to
increase bone density. They are also taking a Calcium supplement. What additional
supplement would you recommend they take? Explain why. -Correct Answer ✔They
should also take a Vitamin D supplement, as it helps to increase calcium absorption.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. You have suggested that they start taking Calcium and Vitamin D daily.
What else can you recommend to slow the progression of this disease? -Correct
Answer ✔You should recommend regular weight-bearing exercises to increase bone
density. This should be done in a safe manner minimizing the risk for falls.
(The key is safety. Weight-bearing exercises done safely is the best answer, but
exercise done in a way that minimizes risk of fractures is the key. Exercises done safely
as an answer should receive full credit.)
True/False: Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more
specialized cell types. -Correct Answer ✔False, cell differentiation
True/False: Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell
division. -Correct Answer ✔False, cell proliferation
You are working in the Emergency Department, and a 17-year-old male who is 6'2" is
brought in via ambulance with complaints of chest pain on the left side and difficulty
breathing. His parents report that he was playing basketball in their driveway and
suddenly collapsed with complaints of the above symptoms. You order a CT scan of his
chest and determine that he has experienced a large, spontaneous pneumothorax in his
left lung. Describe the treatment required for this condition. -Correct Answer ✔In a large
pneumothorax, the air must be removed by needle aspiration or a closed drainage
system with or without suction.
BIOD331
BIOD331 Pathophysiology Final Exam 2025
Taking your child to the pediatrician for their annual well check-up and keeping up with
the recommended vaccination schedule would be an example of: -Correct Answer
✔Primary prevention
You are seeing a patient in your clinic who recently suffered a TIA. Recent diagnostic
tests revealed that he has atrial fibrillation. You decide to put him on a blood thinner to
prevent a future neurologic event. This would be an example of: -Correct Answer
✔Tertiary prevention
James is being seen for his first colonoscopy. He turned 50 this year, and his father
recently passed away from colon cancer at age 85. This would be an example of: -
Correct Answer ✔Secondary prevention
True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful
circumstances -Correct Answer ✔False
Fill in the blank: ________ propel chyme along the small intestine toward the large
intestine in one direction. -Correct Answer ✔Peristaltic movements
Fill in the blank: ___________ occlude small portions of the intestinal lumen to push
digestive contents forward and backward -Correct Answer ✔Segmentation Waves
True or False: Peristaltic movements occur in two directions. -Correct Answer ✔False,
one direction
True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. -Correct
Answer ✔True
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Fred, a 76-year-old male. His
hemoglobin levels are 15.5 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value?
-Correct Answer ✔Normal
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Susan, a 48-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 7 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? -
Correct Answer ✔Abnormal. Normal Hemoglobin levels for a female is 12-15 g/dL
You are reading results from a recent blood panel for Jane, a 37-year-old female. Her
hemoglobin levels are 13 g/dL. Would this be considered a normal or abnormal value? -
Correct Answer ✔Normal
Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. -Correct Answer ✔It is
involved in cellular respiration
BIOD331
,BIOD331
They play a role in apoptosis
Which is NOT true of the cytoskeleton? -Correct Answer ✔It includes peroxisomes and
proteasomes
Which of the following is an active form of Vitamin D? -Correct Answer ✔25-
hydroxycholecalciferol
Which of the following is an inactive form of Vitamin D? -Correct Answer
✔Cholecalciferol
Which of the following is synthesized in the kidney and regulates the differentiation of
red blood cells within bone marrow? -Correct Answer ✔Erythropoietin
Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. -Correct Answer ✔Controls
the transport of materials from the outside fluids to within
Helps with the conduction of electrical currents in nerve and muscle cells
Aids in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A benign neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of growth. -
Correct Answer ✔False. A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissues and
possesses a rapid rate of growth.
OR
A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow
rate of growth.
True or False. If false, explain why the statement is false.
A malignant neoplasm resembles the cells of the tissues of origin and possesses a slow
rate of growth. -Correct Answer ✔False. A benign neoplasm resembles the cells of the
tissues of origin and possesses a slow rate of growth.
OR
A malignant neoplasm invades and destroys tissue and possesses a rapid rate of
growth.
List 2 differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. -Correct Answer ✔Any
combination of the following - Benign tumors are well-differentiated cells, resemble the
cells of tissues of origin, and have a slow, progressive rate of growth. They grow by
expansion and remain localized to their site of origin, not capable of metastasizing.
Malignant neoplasms invade and destroy tissue. They grow rapidly, spread to other
parts of the body, and lack well- defined margins. They can compress blood vessels
and outgrow their blood supply, causing ischemia and tissue injury.
Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. -Correct Answer ✔In dry
gangrene the affected tissue becomes dry and shrinks, the skin wrinkles, and its color
BIOD331
, BIOD331
changes to dark brown or black. The spread of dry gangrene is slow. It results from a
cut-off in arterial blood supply and is a form of coagulation necrosis. In wet gangrene,
the affected area is cold, swollen, and pulseless. The skin is moist, black, and under
tension. Blebs form on the surface, liquefaction occurs, and a foul odor is caused by
bacterial action. The spread of tissue damage is rapid.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis.
They mentioned that they joined a Silver Sneakers program at their local gym because
they read that weight-bearing exercise promotes bone density. What word of caution
would you give to them as they participate in this program? -Correct Answer ✔While
weight-bearing exercises have been shown to increase bone density, they should be
done in a safe way, minimizing the risk for falls as they are at increased risk for fracture
with a diagnosis of osteoporosis.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with Osteoporosis.
They mention to you that they are doing safe, weight bearing exercises each day to
increase bone density. They are also taking a Calcium supplement. What additional
supplement would you recommend they take? Explain why. -Correct Answer ✔They
should also take a Vitamin D supplement, as it helps to increase calcium absorption.
You are talking to your patient who has been recently diagnosed with
Osteoporosis. You have suggested that they start taking Calcium and Vitamin D daily.
What else can you recommend to slow the progression of this disease? -Correct
Answer ✔You should recommend regular weight-bearing exercises to increase bone
density. This should be done in a safe manner minimizing the risk for falls.
(The key is safety. Weight-bearing exercises done safely is the best answer, but
exercise done in a way that minimizes risk of fractures is the key. Exercises done safely
as an answer should receive full credit.)
True/False: Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more
specialized cell types. -Correct Answer ✔False, cell differentiation
True/False: Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell
division. -Correct Answer ✔False, cell proliferation
You are working in the Emergency Department, and a 17-year-old male who is 6'2" is
brought in via ambulance with complaints of chest pain on the left side and difficulty
breathing. His parents report that he was playing basketball in their driveway and
suddenly collapsed with complaints of the above symptoms. You order a CT scan of his
chest and determine that he has experienced a large, spontaneous pneumothorax in his
left lung. Describe the treatment required for this condition. -Correct Answer ✔In a large
pneumothorax, the air must be removed by needle aspiration or a closed drainage
system with or without suction.
BIOD331
