Virginia Commercial Pesticide Applicators CORE exam questions with verified solutions

Virginia Commercial Pesticide Applicators
CORE exam questions with verified solutions

Explain the difference between key pests, occasional pests and secondary pests - answersKey
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pests are nearly always present and require regular control. occasional pests are migratory or
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cyclical and require intermittent control. secondary pests require control only under certain
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conditions, such as the elimination of a key pest or the absence of a natural host.
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what should you do first if you see damage to a plant, animal, or valuable product/ - answersidentify
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the cause
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what should you do first if you discover a pest that may need to be controlled? - answersmake sure
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the pest is actually responsible for the damage. then accurately identify the pest
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how can pest identification help you develop a good pest control strategy? - answersit allows you to
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determine basic information about the pest, including its life-cycle and when it is most susceptible to
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control measures.
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name the 5 basic pest groups - answersweeds, parasites and diseases, mollusks, arthropods, and
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vertebrates.
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why do weeds present such a challenge to pest managers? - answersweeds are often hardy,
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aggressive, and tolerant of harsh conditions. many produce large numbers of seeds which can
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spread over a wide area and remain dormant for a long time.
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how can you tell a monocot from a dicot? - answersmonocots (sedges and grasses) have one
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cotyledon, parallel leaf veins, flower parts in multiples of 3 and fibrous roots. Dicots have 2
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cotyledons, broad leaves with netted veination, and flower parts in multiples of 4 and 5 and usually
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have taproots.
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name the pathogens that cause most plant and animal diseases - answersfungi, bacteria,
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mycoplasma, and viruses
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what are the symptoms of viral plant diseases - answersstunting, yellow rings on leaves, wilting, and
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mosaic patterns
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how do plant parasitic nematodes harm plants? - answersby attacking the roots, stems and leaves.
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nematode root feeding interferes with a plants ability to take up water and nutrients. infected plants
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wilt and seem to be suffering from a lack of water or nutrients.
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how do mollusks harm plants? - answersby feeding on foliage and fruit. mollusks reduce the value of
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commercial produce if they feed on harvested plants and fruit.
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what are arthropods? how do they differ from vertebrates? - answersarthropods are animals with
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segmented bodies and jointed appendages. Arthropods have an external skeleton and may have
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, t.k specialized appendages such as sucking tubes, chewing mouth parts, antennae, and pincers. they t.k t.k t .k t .k t .k t .k t.k t .k t .k t.k t .k t.k




t.k have no backbones like vertebrates t .k t.k t .k t .k




what is the difference between gradual and complete metamorphosis? why is it important to know
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the life cycle stage of an insect? - answersgradual metamorphosis includes 3 stages: egg, nymph
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and adult. there is no pupa stage. complete metamorphosis includes 4 stages: egg, larva, pupa, and
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adult. insects that develop via complete metamorphosis change body form. larvae may not look at
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all like adults within the same species.it is very important to recognize the damaging stage for best
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treatment results. many insect are pests in one stage but not another. especially larval form.
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what are beneficial insects? and why are they important to agriculture? - answersinsects that are
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pollinators (bees and butterflies) or pest predators (ladybeetles and lacewings). with out pollinators
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many types of plants could not reproduce and beneficial predators feed on harmful insects, mites,
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and weeds.
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how do mites harm plants? - answersThey suck the plant juices, eat the underside of leaves, and
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disfigure the plants they feed on.
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what is an economic threshold? - answersthe level at which economic losses caused by pest
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damage, if the pest population continued to grow, would be greater than the cost of controlling the
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pests. reaching an economic threshold usually prompts some kind of pest control action.
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how are thresholds important to a sound pest control strategy? - answerssetting a treatment or
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action threshold is essential to prevent the pests in an area from causing unacceptable injury or
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harm. action thresholds vary: sometimes one pest is too many (like a rat in a food processing facility).
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Thresholds help producers and applicators weigh the cost of pest control against the cost of a pest
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infestation
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what is monitoring and how is it important to a sound pest control strategy? - answersregular
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checking or scouting for pests in a designated area. Monitoring will tell you what pests are in an area,
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how many are in the area, and how much damage they are causing. it will help determine if the pest
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population has reached the treatment threshold and whether control measures have worked.
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what is the difference between prevention, suppression and eradication of a pest? -
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answersprevention means reducing the chances that a pest will become a problem. suppression
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means reducing pest numbers or damage to an acceptable level. Eradication means destroying an
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entire pest population.
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how could you prevent a pest infestation? - answersplant weed- and disease- free seed, choose
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plants resistant to diseases and insects, and practice good sanitation. other preventative
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techniques include excluding pests from the target area and using pre-emergent herbicides to kill
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weed seeds.
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briefly define IPM - answersIntegrated Pest Management is an ecological approach to pest control.
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it is based on the habitat and life-cycle of the pest. IPM combines chemical and nonchemical
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methods into a single plan or strategy. the goal of an IPM program is to reduce pest populations to an
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acceptable level in a way that is practical, cost-effective, and safe for the environment as well as
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human health.
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Give several reasons to use IPM rather than using only a pesticide. - answersIPM programs:
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