NUR 1020C Exam 1 Study Guide Term1
Based study Questions and
correct/verified Answers
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER-The nurse's understanding of these factors helps with
formulating nursing diagnoses that address the patient's needs and values. Needs at the lower levels of
the pyramid-shaped hierarchy must be met before needs at higher levels are addressed.
Florence Nightingale (1860) - ANSWER-Concept of the environment emphasized prevention and clean
air, water, and housing.
- Her nursing theoretical work discussed environmental adaptation with appropriate noise levels,
hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, hope, nutrition, and conservation of patient energy.
Which two nurses emerged during the civil war? - ANSWER-Dorthea Dix and Clara Barton.
Dorthea Dix - ANSWER-Head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a forerunner of the Army Nurse
Corps.
Clara Barton - ANSWER-Established the Red Cross.
Linda Richards - ANSWER-America's first trained nurse, graduating from Boston's Women's Hospital in
1873.
Lena Higbee - ANSWER-Superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps, was awarded the Navy Cross in
1918.
Hildegard Peplau (1952) - ANSWER-Focused on the roles played by the nurse and the interpersonal
process between a nurse and a patient.
- The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1) orientation; (2) working, consisting of two
subphases—identification and exploitation; and (3) resolution.
Virginia Henderson (1966) - ANSWER-Had 14 components, based on Maslow's hierarchy of human needs
from the physiologic, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental domains.
- She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the
person), or complementary (working with the person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the
patient.
Martha Rogers (1970) - ANSWER-Stated that human beings and their environments are interacting in
continuous motion as infinite energy fields.
- The model includes four dimensions: energy fields, openness, patterns and organizations, and
dimensionality.
Sister Callista Roy's (1970) - ANSWER-Adaptation Model is based on the human being as an adaptive
open system.
, - The person adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a positive self-concept-group
identity, performing social role functions, and balancing dependence and independence.
Dorothea Orem - ANSWER-Three interrelated theories of self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems
constitute Dorothea Orem's (1971) Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing.
- A self-care deficit exists when patients are unable to meet their self-care needs. Nursing systems care
for patients who require assistance in one of three categories: (1) wholly compensatory, (2) partly
compensatory, or (3) supportive-educative.
- The goal of nursing care is to help patients perform self-care by increasing their independence.
Imogene King (1971) - ANSWER-Developed a general systems framework that incorporates three levels
of systems: (1) individual or personal, (2) group or interpersonal, and (3) society or social.
- In this theory, the nurse and the patient work together to achieve the goals in the continuous
adjustment to stressors.
Betty Neuman (1972) - ANSWER-Systems Model includes a holistic concept and an open-system
approach.
- The model identifies energy resources that provide for basic survival, with lines of resistance that are
activated when a stressor invades the system.
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (1981) - ANSWER-Formulated the Theory of Human Becoming by combining
concepts from Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings with existential-phenomenologic
thought. - This theory looks at the person as a constantly changing being, and at nursing as a human
science.
Jean Watson (1988) - ANSWER-Theory is based on caring, with nurses dedicated to health and healing.
Professional Attire - ANSWER-- Hair back
- Make-up clean, minimum
- Short nails
Nursing as a profession - ANSWER-The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities,
prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human
response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations
Altruism - ANSWER-Motivation is public service over personal gain.
Body of Knowledge - ANSWER-There is a well-defined, specific, and unique body of theoretical
knowledge in nursing, leading to defined skills, abilities, and norms, that is enlarged by research.
Autonomy - ANSWER-Nursing professionals make independent decisions within their scope of practice
and are responsible for the results and consequences of those decisions.
Higher Education - ANSWER-A profession requires that its members have an extended education, as well
as a basic liberal foundation
Accountability - ANSWER-involves accepting responsibility for actions and omissions.
Based study Questions and
correct/verified Answers
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - ANSWER-The nurse's understanding of these factors helps with
formulating nursing diagnoses that address the patient's needs and values. Needs at the lower levels of
the pyramid-shaped hierarchy must be met before needs at higher levels are addressed.
Florence Nightingale (1860) - ANSWER-Concept of the environment emphasized prevention and clean
air, water, and housing.
- Her nursing theoretical work discussed environmental adaptation with appropriate noise levels,
hygiene, light, comfort, socialization, hope, nutrition, and conservation of patient energy.
Which two nurses emerged during the civil war? - ANSWER-Dorthea Dix and Clara Barton.
Dorthea Dix - ANSWER-Head of the U.S. Sanitary Commission, which was a forerunner of the Army Nurse
Corps.
Clara Barton - ANSWER-Established the Red Cross.
Linda Richards - ANSWER-America's first trained nurse, graduating from Boston's Women's Hospital in
1873.
Lena Higbee - ANSWER-Superintendent of the U.S. Navy Nurse Corps, was awarded the Navy Cross in
1918.
Hildegard Peplau (1952) - ANSWER-Focused on the roles played by the nurse and the interpersonal
process between a nurse and a patient.
- The interpersonal process occurs in overlapping phases: (1) orientation; (2) working, consisting of two
subphases—identification and exploitation; and (3) resolution.
Virginia Henderson (1966) - ANSWER-Had 14 components, based on Maslow's hierarchy of human needs
from the physiologic, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental domains.
- She described the nurse's role as substitutive (doing for the person), supplementary (helping the
person), or complementary (working with the person), with the ultimate goal of independence for the
patient.
Martha Rogers (1970) - ANSWER-Stated that human beings and their environments are interacting in
continuous motion as infinite energy fields.
- The model includes four dimensions: energy fields, openness, patterns and organizations, and
dimensionality.
Sister Callista Roy's (1970) - ANSWER-Adaptation Model is based on the human being as an adaptive
open system.
, - The person adapts by meeting physiologic-physical needs, developing a positive self-concept-group
identity, performing social role functions, and balancing dependence and independence.
Dorothea Orem - ANSWER-Three interrelated theories of self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems
constitute Dorothea Orem's (1971) Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing.
- A self-care deficit exists when patients are unable to meet their self-care needs. Nursing systems care
for patients who require assistance in one of three categories: (1) wholly compensatory, (2) partly
compensatory, or (3) supportive-educative.
- The goal of nursing care is to help patients perform self-care by increasing their independence.
Imogene King (1971) - ANSWER-Developed a general systems framework that incorporates three levels
of systems: (1) individual or personal, (2) group or interpersonal, and (3) society or social.
- In this theory, the nurse and the patient work together to achieve the goals in the continuous
adjustment to stressors.
Betty Neuman (1972) - ANSWER-Systems Model includes a holistic concept and an open-system
approach.
- The model identifies energy resources that provide for basic survival, with lines of resistance that are
activated when a stressor invades the system.
Rosemarie Rizzo Parse (1981) - ANSWER-Formulated the Theory of Human Becoming by combining
concepts from Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings with existential-phenomenologic
thought. - This theory looks at the person as a constantly changing being, and at nursing as a human
science.
Jean Watson (1988) - ANSWER-Theory is based on caring, with nurses dedicated to health and healing.
Professional Attire - ANSWER-- Hair back
- Make-up clean, minimum
- Short nails
Nursing as a profession - ANSWER-The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities,
prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human
response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations
Altruism - ANSWER-Motivation is public service over personal gain.
Body of Knowledge - ANSWER-There is a well-defined, specific, and unique body of theoretical
knowledge in nursing, leading to defined skills, abilities, and norms, that is enlarged by research.
Autonomy - ANSWER-Nursing professionals make independent decisions within their scope of practice
and are responsible for the results and consequences of those decisions.
Higher Education - ANSWER-A profession requires that its members have an extended education, as well
as a basic liberal foundation
Accountability - ANSWER-involves accepting responsibility for actions and omissions.
