PLANTS BIO 2 MFT REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
plant blindness -
correct answer ✅lack of appreciation for the beauty, uniqueness,
and importance of plants, and the tendency to think of them as less
important or "inferior" to animals
can also be referred to as "plant neglect"
developed from a very young age in most people
zoochauvinism -
correct answer ✅intense focus on animals rather than plants
3 domains of life are -
correct answer ✅Archaea, Eukaryota, and Bacteria
bacteria and archaea are the -
correct answer ✅prokaryotic domains
eukaryota is the _______________ domain -
correct answer ✅eukaryotic
,PLANTS BIO 2 MFT REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
How do eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes, generally? -
correct answer ✅they have a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
phylogeny -
correct answer ✅is the true evolutionary relationship between
organisms
phylogenetic trees -
correct answer ✅or cladograms, are constructed from available
evidence of evolutionary histories that come as close to the true
phylogeny as possible
sometimes constructing a phylogenetic tree is extremely difficult
because data is limited and our techniques are "imperfect"
phylogenies provide the groundwork for systematics (or
classification)
allow us to understand when and how certain characteristics
evolved
help us identify groups of organisms that are closely related to one
another
,PLANTS BIO 2 MFT REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
in medicine, can be used to observe how diseases and viruses
evolve, example: scientists studying the flu virus from season to
season to design vaccines
how phylogenies are created -
correct answer ✅1. gather data: observe and record data relating
to morphological characteristics (how the organism looks),
molecular sequences (biochem info relating to DNA and proteins),
or behavior.
2. analyze the data: using the maximum parsimony approach (the
simplest one)
*once the phylogenetic tree is constructed, it is merely a hypothesis
about HOW evolutionary history occurred, new analysis has the
potential of changing what we know about the tree of life
outgroup -
correct answer ✅reference point, ancestral traits
ingroup -
correct answer ✅each member of the ingroup has at least one
characteristic that is different from the outgroup
derived character= character that is DIFFERENT from the outgroup
, PLANTS BIO 2 MFT REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
synapomorphies -
correct answer ✅or SHARED devired characters among members
of the ingroup
sister taxa -
correct answer ✅are groups in a phylogenetic tree that are more
closely related to one another than to any other group, the
CLOSEST of relatives
maximum parsimony principle -
correct answer ✅you distribute the branches of the tree so as to
group the synapomorphies in the simplest way, which would be the
one that requires the fewest steps to explain the evolutionary
relationship between organisms
monophyletic grouping -
correct answer ✅contains an ancestor and ALL of its descendants
and NO other organisms, it is a clade
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
plant blindness -
correct answer ✅lack of appreciation for the beauty, uniqueness,
and importance of plants, and the tendency to think of them as less
important or "inferior" to animals
can also be referred to as "plant neglect"
developed from a very young age in most people
zoochauvinism -
correct answer ✅intense focus on animals rather than plants
3 domains of life are -
correct answer ✅Archaea, Eukaryota, and Bacteria
bacteria and archaea are the -
correct answer ✅prokaryotic domains
eukaryota is the _______________ domain -
correct answer ✅eukaryotic
,PLANTS BIO 2 MFT REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
How do eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes, generally? -
correct answer ✅they have a nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles
phylogeny -
correct answer ✅is the true evolutionary relationship between
organisms
phylogenetic trees -
correct answer ✅or cladograms, are constructed from available
evidence of evolutionary histories that come as close to the true
phylogeny as possible
sometimes constructing a phylogenetic tree is extremely difficult
because data is limited and our techniques are "imperfect"
phylogenies provide the groundwork for systematics (or
classification)
allow us to understand when and how certain characteristics
evolved
help us identify groups of organisms that are closely related to one
another
,PLANTS BIO 2 MFT REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
in medicine, can be used to observe how diseases and viruses
evolve, example: scientists studying the flu virus from season to
season to design vaccines
how phylogenies are created -
correct answer ✅1. gather data: observe and record data relating
to morphological characteristics (how the organism looks),
molecular sequences (biochem info relating to DNA and proteins),
or behavior.
2. analyze the data: using the maximum parsimony approach (the
simplest one)
*once the phylogenetic tree is constructed, it is merely a hypothesis
about HOW evolutionary history occurred, new analysis has the
potential of changing what we know about the tree of life
outgroup -
correct answer ✅reference point, ancestral traits
ingroup -
correct answer ✅each member of the ingroup has at least one
characteristic that is different from the outgroup
derived character= character that is DIFFERENT from the outgroup
, PLANTS BIO 2 MFT REVIEW EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
synapomorphies -
correct answer ✅or SHARED devired characters among members
of the ingroup
sister taxa -
correct answer ✅are groups in a phylogenetic tree that are more
closely related to one another than to any other group, the
CLOSEST of relatives
maximum parsimony principle -
correct answer ✅you distribute the branches of the tree so as to
group the synapomorphies in the simplest way, which would be the
one that requires the fewest steps to explain the evolutionary
relationship between organisms
monophyletic grouping -
correct answer ✅contains an ancestor and ALL of its descendants
and NO other organisms, it is a clade
