NBME CBSE 2025/2025 EXAM QUIZLET
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
Type II pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWERSsurfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - CORRECT ANSWERSKilled = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - CORRECT ANSWERSMaternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - CORRECT ANSWERSAmniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II
pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWERSSquamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - CORRECT ANSWERSmacrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
,Elastin stretches and recoils due to - CORRECT ANSWERSLysine interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - CORRECT ANSWERSAir pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - CORRECT ANSWERSExhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - CORRECT ANSWERSLHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - CORRECT ANSWERSemphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - CORRECT ANSWERSDECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - CORRECT ANSWERSpulmonary = systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - CORRECT ANSWERSBronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - CORRECT ANSWERSBASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - CORRECT ANSWERSbasic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - CORRECT ANSWERSlow pH, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
,CO2 transport to lungs - CORRECT ANSWERS*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - CORRECT ANSWERScarboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - CORRECT ANSWERSlactic acidosis
How to treat cyanide poisoning - CORRECT ANSWERS*Amyl nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - CORRECT ANSWERS5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - CORRECT ANSWERS*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - CORRECT ANSWERSACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - CORRECT ANSWERSPMN influx (ie: in lungs)
, Korotkoff sound - CORRECT ANSWERSBP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - CORRECT ANSWERS10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in - CORRECT ANSWERSCardiac Tamponade
Kussmaul sign - CORRECT ANSWERSJVP rises *during inspiration*
Constrictive Pericardiditis
Restrictive/Interstitial Lung Disease:
A-a, FVC, FEV1, EFR - CORRECT ANSWERSAirway widening due to *radial traction* from fibrosis
*increase Aa*
decreased FVC & FEV1
*Increased EFR*
Sarcoidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS*Th1 *noncaseating granulmona
bilateral hilar adenopathy
increased *ACE*
increased IL2, IFNg
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages: vit D --> *HyperCa*
Hyper Ca causes - CORRECT ANSWERSstones, thrones, groans, psych overtones
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages - CORRECT ANSWERSPTH independent conversion of
Calcifediol to *calcitriol* (bioactive Vit D)
Vit D --> Hyper Ca
WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
Type II pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWERSsurfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - CORRECT ANSWERSKilled = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - CORRECT ANSWERSMaternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - CORRECT ANSWERSAmniocentesis of Phospholipids (*type II
pneumocytes)
L >> S
Type I pneumocytes - CORRECT ANSWERSSquamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - CORRECT ANSWERSmacrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
,Elastin stretches and recoils due to - CORRECT ANSWERSLysine interchain crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - CORRECT ANSWERSAir pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - CORRECT ANSWERSExhale of Tidal Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - CORRECT ANSWERSLHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - CORRECT ANSWERSemphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - CORRECT ANSWERSDECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - CORRECT ANSWERSpulmonary = systemic
Anatomic pulmonary shunting - CORRECT ANSWERSBronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - CORRECT ANSWERSBASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - CORRECT ANSWERSbasic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - CORRECT ANSWERSlow pH, high 2,3BPG, high T
HOT, ACIDIC
,CO2 transport to lungs - CORRECT ANSWERS*carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - CORRECT ANSWERScarboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - CORRECT ANSWERSlactic acidosis
How to treat cyanide poisoning - CORRECT ANSWERS*Amyl nitrite* --> Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - CORRECT ANSWERS5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - CORRECT ANSWERS*Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - CORRECT ANSWERSACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - CORRECT ANSWERSPMN influx (ie: in lungs)
, Korotkoff sound - CORRECT ANSWERSBP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - CORRECT ANSWERS10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
Pulsus Paradoxus occurs in - CORRECT ANSWERSCardiac Tamponade
Kussmaul sign - CORRECT ANSWERSJVP rises *during inspiration*
Constrictive Pericardiditis
Restrictive/Interstitial Lung Disease:
A-a, FVC, FEV1, EFR - CORRECT ANSWERSAirway widening due to *radial traction* from fibrosis
*increase Aa*
decreased FVC & FEV1
*Increased EFR*
Sarcoidosis - CORRECT ANSWERS*Th1 *noncaseating granulmona
bilateral hilar adenopathy
increased *ACE*
increased IL2, IFNg
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages: vit D --> *HyperCa*
Hyper Ca causes - CORRECT ANSWERSstones, thrones, groans, psych overtones
1-a-hydroxylase in macrophages - CORRECT ANSWERSPTH independent conversion of
Calcifediol to *calcitriol* (bioactive Vit D)
Vit D --> Hyper Ca
