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NR576 Adult Gerontology Midterm exam with precise detailed solutions

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NR576 Adult Gerontology Midterm exam with precise detailed solutions

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NR576 Adult Gerontology Midterm exam
with precise detailed solutions

What is a differential diagnosis? - Correct answer ✔Using clinical reasoning to
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distinguish between similar conditions. |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is deductive clinical reasoning strategy? - Correct answer ✔Analyzing and
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synthesizing clinical data related to patient's presentation. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is the first step in deductive clinical reasoning strategy? - Correct answer
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✔Starting with general information from chief complaint. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is the next step in deductive clinical reasoning strategy? - Correct answer
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✔Moving to more specific information collected through history of present illness.
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How can open-ended questions be used in deductive clinical reasoning strategy? -
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Correct answer ✔To gain information utilizing OLDCARTS.
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What is evidence-based research? - Correct answer ✔Research based on clinical
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trials or case studies.
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What is required for evidence-based research? - Correct answer ✔Evidence of
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benefit to the patient. |||||| |||||| ||||||

,What are guidelines? - Correct answer ✔Practice recommendations issued by
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professional organizations. ||||||




How should guidelines be developed? - Correct answer ✔Rigorously and
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trustworthy.


What is the basic structure of the clinical reasoning process? - Correct answer
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✔Gathering initial patient information, organizing and interpreting information,
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generating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, planning diagnostic and treatment
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strategy.


What is the first step in the clinical reasoning process? - Correct answer
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔Gathering initial patient information (health history and physical).
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What is the second step in the clinical reasoning process? - Correct answer
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✔Organizing and interpreting information to synthesize the problem. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is the third step in the clinical reasoning process? - Correct answer
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔Generating hypotheses. ||||||




What is the fourth step in the clinical reasoning process? - Correct answer
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✔Testing hypotheses until a working diagnosis is selected.
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What is the final step in the clinical reasoning process? - Correct answer
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✔Planning the diagnostic and treatment strategy.
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, Sensitivity- is the proportion of patients with the disease that have a positive |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




result - Correct answer ✔it is the number of true positives divided by the total
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number of patients who have the disease. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What does the OLD CARTS mnemonic stand for? - Correct answer ✔Onset,
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Location, Duration, Character, Alleviating factors, Relieving factors, Timing,
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Severity


Specificity: proportion of 'test negative' of total without the disease - Correct |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




answer ✔the number of true negatives over all negatives.
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What is pretest probability? - Correct answer ✔Probability of the disease before
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the test is ordered.
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What factors are considered in pretest probability? - Correct answer ✔Disease
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prevalence, patient's symptoms or clinical context. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




How is pretest probability evaluated? - Correct answer ✔In terms of low,
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intermediate, or high. |||||| ||||||




What is pretest probability based on? - Correct answer ✔Probability of the
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suspected disease given the patient's symptoms or clinical context. |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What is Rubella? - Correct answer ✔A viral infection that occurs in young children
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and non-immune young adults.
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