NUR 221 Exam 2 Questions And
Answers
Basal bmetabolic brate b(BMR) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Energy bneeded bat brest bto
bmaintain blife-sustaining bactivities bfor ba bspecific bamount bof btime. bOlder badults bhave
ba bslower bBMR
Resting benergy bexpenditure b(REE) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Amount bof benergy bneeded
bto bconsume bover b24-hour bperiod bfor bthe bbody bto bmaintain binternal bworking
bactivities bwhile bat brest
Carbohydrates b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Main bsource bof benergy bin bthe bdiet. bcomposed
bof bcarbon, bhydrogen, band boxygen. bproduces b4 bkcal/g band bserves bas bthe bmain
bsource bof bfuel b(glucose) bfor bthe bbrain, bskeletal bmuscles bduring bexercise,
berythrocyte band bleukocyte bproduction, band bcell bfunction bof bthe brenal bmedulla.
Protein b- bcorrect banswers✔✔made bup bof bamino bacids. bNecessary bfor bnitrogen
bbalance. bProteins bprovide ba bsource bof benergy b(4 bkcal/g), band bthey bare bessential
bfor bthe bgrowth, bmaintenance band brepair bof bbody btissue. bConsist bof boxygen,
bcarbon, bhydrogen, band bnitrogen.
Fats b(lipids) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Fats b(lipids) bare bthe bmost bcalorie-dense bnutrient,
bproviding b9 bkcal/g. b
Fats bare bcomposed bof btriglycerides band bfatty bacids.
Water b- bcorrect banswers✔✔makes bup b60-70% bof bbody bweight. b
Infants bhave bgreatest bpercentage bof btotal bbody bwater
Vitamins b- bcorrect banswers✔✔organic bsubstances bpresent bin bsmall bamounts bin
bfoods bthat bare bessential bto bnormal bmetabolism. bThey bare bchemicals bthat bact bas
bcatalysts bin bbiochemical breactions.
Minerals b- bcorrect banswers✔✔inorganic belements bessential bto bthe bbody bas
bcatalysts bin bbiochemical breactions.
normal bBMI b- bcorrect banswers✔✔18.5-24.9
,overweight bBMI b- bcorrect banswers✔✔25-29.9
obese bBMI b- bcorrect banswers✔✔>30
Mini bNutritional bAssessment b(MNA) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔If ba bpatient bscores b11 bor
bless bon bthe bscreening bpart, bthe bhealth bcare bprovider bcompletes bthe bassessment
bpart. bA btotal bscore bof bless bthan b17 bindicates bprotein-energy bmalnutrition.
Calculate bnitrogen bbalance b- bcorrect banswers✔✔by bdividing b6.25 binto bthe btotal
bgrams bof bprotein bingested bin ba bday
Serum bLaboratory bValues b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Albumin
Prealbumin
Hemoglobin
Metabolic bhalf-life b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Albumin- b21 bdays b(long bterm)
Transferrin- b8 bdays
Prealbumin- b2 bdays b(acute bterm)
Albumin b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Normal bValue b(adult): b3.5-5.0 bg/dl
<2.8 bassociated bwith bedema
21 bdays bhalf blife b(long bterm)
Synthesized bin bthe bliver bfrom bamino bacids; bindicator bof bprolonged bprotein
bdepletion
Prealbumin b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Normal bvalue b15-36mg/dl
<10.7 bis bsevere bnutritional bdeficiency
acute bterm b2 bdays b
Determines bprotein bdepletion bin bacute bconditions
Hemoglobin b- bcorrect banswers✔✔12-16 bg/dl bin bfemales
14-18 bg/dl bin bmales
the biron-containing bpigment bof bthe bRed bblood bcells; bassists bwith bO2 band bCO2
btransport.
Fruitarian b- bcorrect banswers✔✔consumes bfruit, bnuts, bhoney, band bolive boil
vegan b- bcorrect banswers✔✔consumes bonly bplant bfood
Lactovegetarian b- bcorrect banswers✔✔drinks bmilk bbut bavoids beggs
Ovolactovegetarian b- bcorrect banswers✔✔avoids bmeat, bfish, band bpoultry, bbut beats
beggs band bmilk
, Dysphagia b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Difficulty bswallowing, bat brisk bfor baspiration. bNeed
ba bspeech band blanguage bconsult. bMost bcommon bdysphagia bis bsilent band boccurs
bwithout ba bcough. bpatients beat bwith ba bchin btuck band bfood bgoes bon bstrong bside bof
bthe bmouth
NPO bDiet b- bcorrect banswers✔✔nothing bby bmouth. bRest bthe bGI btract bor bfor
bpatients bwith bswallowing bproblems.require benternal bif bNPO b>5 bdays
Pureed bDiet b- bcorrect banswers✔✔clients bwith bdysphagia bor bwired bjaws; bfoods bthat
bhave bbeen bblenderized bto bsmooth bconsistency
Soft/Low-residue bdiet b- bcorrect banswers✔✔reduces bvolume band bfrequency bof
bstools bincludes beasily bdigested bfoods bthat bare beasy bto bchew band bswallow
Dysphagia bdiets- b4 blevels b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Dysphagia bpuree- bpudding blike
Dysphagia bmechanically baltered-soft btexture
Dysphagia badvanced- bno bhard, bsticky bor bcrunchy bfoods
Regular
These blevels bare bdetermined bby ba bswallow btest
4 blevels bof bliquid bfor bdysphagia bpatients b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Liquid bthin b(water), b
Nectar-like b(apricot, bprune, btomato), b
Honey-like b(smoothies, byogurt), b
Spoon-thick b(pudding)
Enteral bNutrition b- bcorrect banswers✔✔nutrition bmay bbe bprovided bwith bnasogastric,
bgastric, bor bjejunal btubes. bcomes bin bcans bor bprefilled bbags. bDiarrhea bcan bbe
bcaused bby bbacteria bbeing bin bthe bbag, bbag bonly bgood bfor b24 bhours. bIf bnausea,
bcramping bor bdiarrhea boccurs bslow bthe btube bfeeding bdown
Nasogastric b(NG) bTube b- bcorrect banswers✔✔inserted bthrough bthe bnose
is bused bshort bterm b4 bweeks bor bless
assess bsputum bbefore bplacing binto bthe bnose bincase bthe bsputum bis bdeviated b
Landmarks bfor binserting-Nose, bear, bxiphoid bprocess bfor bstomach badd b8-10 binches
bfor bsmall bintestine
Gastrostomy b(G-tube) bor bjejunostomy b(j-tube) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔inserted
bsurgically bMD; bused bfor blong bterm
jejunostomy btube b( bj-tube) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔is bthe bonly btube bthat bis bbeyond
bthe bstomach band bis bnot bcontraindicated bby bfacial btrauma
Tubes bplaces bin bthe bstomach b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bnasogastric btube band bthe
bPEG btube bare bplaced bin bthe bstomach, band bplacement bcould blead bto baspiration
Answers
Basal bmetabolic brate b(BMR) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Energy bneeded bat brest bto
bmaintain blife-sustaining bactivities bfor ba bspecific bamount bof btime. bOlder badults bhave
ba bslower bBMR
Resting benergy bexpenditure b(REE) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Amount bof benergy bneeded
bto bconsume bover b24-hour bperiod bfor bthe bbody bto bmaintain binternal bworking
bactivities bwhile bat brest
Carbohydrates b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Main bsource bof benergy bin bthe bdiet. bcomposed
bof bcarbon, bhydrogen, band boxygen. bproduces b4 bkcal/g band bserves bas bthe bmain
bsource bof bfuel b(glucose) bfor bthe bbrain, bskeletal bmuscles bduring bexercise,
berythrocyte band bleukocyte bproduction, band bcell bfunction bof bthe brenal bmedulla.
Protein b- bcorrect banswers✔✔made bup bof bamino bacids. bNecessary bfor bnitrogen
bbalance. bProteins bprovide ba bsource bof benergy b(4 bkcal/g), band bthey bare bessential
bfor bthe bgrowth, bmaintenance band brepair bof bbody btissue. bConsist bof boxygen,
bcarbon, bhydrogen, band bnitrogen.
Fats b(lipids) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Fats b(lipids) bare bthe bmost bcalorie-dense bnutrient,
bproviding b9 bkcal/g. b
Fats bare bcomposed bof btriglycerides band bfatty bacids.
Water b- bcorrect banswers✔✔makes bup b60-70% bof bbody bweight. b
Infants bhave bgreatest bpercentage bof btotal bbody bwater
Vitamins b- bcorrect banswers✔✔organic bsubstances bpresent bin bsmall bamounts bin
bfoods bthat bare bessential bto bnormal bmetabolism. bThey bare bchemicals bthat bact bas
bcatalysts bin bbiochemical breactions.
Minerals b- bcorrect banswers✔✔inorganic belements bessential bto bthe bbody bas
bcatalysts bin bbiochemical breactions.
normal bBMI b- bcorrect banswers✔✔18.5-24.9
,overweight bBMI b- bcorrect banswers✔✔25-29.9
obese bBMI b- bcorrect banswers✔✔>30
Mini bNutritional bAssessment b(MNA) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔If ba bpatient bscores b11 bor
bless bon bthe bscreening bpart, bthe bhealth bcare bprovider bcompletes bthe bassessment
bpart. bA btotal bscore bof bless bthan b17 bindicates bprotein-energy bmalnutrition.
Calculate bnitrogen bbalance b- bcorrect banswers✔✔by bdividing b6.25 binto bthe btotal
bgrams bof bprotein bingested bin ba bday
Serum bLaboratory bValues b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Albumin
Prealbumin
Hemoglobin
Metabolic bhalf-life b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Albumin- b21 bdays b(long bterm)
Transferrin- b8 bdays
Prealbumin- b2 bdays b(acute bterm)
Albumin b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Normal bValue b(adult): b3.5-5.0 bg/dl
<2.8 bassociated bwith bedema
21 bdays bhalf blife b(long bterm)
Synthesized bin bthe bliver bfrom bamino bacids; bindicator bof bprolonged bprotein
bdepletion
Prealbumin b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Normal bvalue b15-36mg/dl
<10.7 bis bsevere bnutritional bdeficiency
acute bterm b2 bdays b
Determines bprotein bdepletion bin bacute bconditions
Hemoglobin b- bcorrect banswers✔✔12-16 bg/dl bin bfemales
14-18 bg/dl bin bmales
the biron-containing bpigment bof bthe bRed bblood bcells; bassists bwith bO2 band bCO2
btransport.
Fruitarian b- bcorrect banswers✔✔consumes bfruit, bnuts, bhoney, band bolive boil
vegan b- bcorrect banswers✔✔consumes bonly bplant bfood
Lactovegetarian b- bcorrect banswers✔✔drinks bmilk bbut bavoids beggs
Ovolactovegetarian b- bcorrect banswers✔✔avoids bmeat, bfish, band bpoultry, bbut beats
beggs band bmilk
, Dysphagia b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Difficulty bswallowing, bat brisk bfor baspiration. bNeed
ba bspeech band blanguage bconsult. bMost bcommon bdysphagia bis bsilent band boccurs
bwithout ba bcough. bpatients beat bwith ba bchin btuck band bfood bgoes bon bstrong bside bof
bthe bmouth
NPO bDiet b- bcorrect banswers✔✔nothing bby bmouth. bRest bthe bGI btract bor bfor
bpatients bwith bswallowing bproblems.require benternal bif bNPO b>5 bdays
Pureed bDiet b- bcorrect banswers✔✔clients bwith bdysphagia bor bwired bjaws; bfoods bthat
bhave bbeen bblenderized bto bsmooth bconsistency
Soft/Low-residue bdiet b- bcorrect banswers✔✔reduces bvolume band bfrequency bof
bstools bincludes beasily bdigested bfoods bthat bare beasy bto bchew band bswallow
Dysphagia bdiets- b4 blevels b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Dysphagia bpuree- bpudding blike
Dysphagia bmechanically baltered-soft btexture
Dysphagia badvanced- bno bhard, bsticky bor bcrunchy bfoods
Regular
These blevels bare bdetermined bby ba bswallow btest
4 blevels bof bliquid bfor bdysphagia bpatients b- bcorrect banswers✔✔Liquid bthin b(water), b
Nectar-like b(apricot, bprune, btomato), b
Honey-like b(smoothies, byogurt), b
Spoon-thick b(pudding)
Enteral bNutrition b- bcorrect banswers✔✔nutrition bmay bbe bprovided bwith bnasogastric,
bgastric, bor bjejunal btubes. bcomes bin bcans bor bprefilled bbags. bDiarrhea bcan bbe
bcaused bby bbacteria bbeing bin bthe bbag, bbag bonly bgood bfor b24 bhours. bIf bnausea,
bcramping bor bdiarrhea boccurs bslow bthe btube bfeeding bdown
Nasogastric b(NG) bTube b- bcorrect banswers✔✔inserted bthrough bthe bnose
is bused bshort bterm b4 bweeks bor bless
assess bsputum bbefore bplacing binto bthe bnose bincase bthe bsputum bis bdeviated b
Landmarks bfor binserting-Nose, bear, bxiphoid bprocess bfor bstomach badd b8-10 binches
bfor bsmall bintestine
Gastrostomy b(G-tube) bor bjejunostomy b(j-tube) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔inserted
bsurgically bMD; bused bfor blong bterm
jejunostomy btube b( bj-tube) b- bcorrect banswers✔✔is bthe bonly btube bthat bis bbeyond
bthe bstomach band bis bnot bcontraindicated bby bfacial btrauma
Tubes bplaces bin bthe bstomach b- bcorrect banswers✔✔The bnasogastric btube band bthe
bPEG btube bare bplaced bin bthe bstomach, band bplacement bcould blead bto baspiration
