NR 576 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2025 WITH
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
ANSWERS-ALREADY GRADED A+
Assessing |for |prior |antibiotic |use |is |a |critical |part |of |the |history |in |patients |with |presenting |with |
_______________ |due |to_________________ |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Diarrhea/CDiff
Irritable |bowel |syndrome |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-disorder |of |the |bowel |function |not |from |anatomic |
abnormality--constipation, |diarrhea, |bloating, |urgency |w/diarrhea
+s/s--result |from |disordered |sensations |or |abnormal |function |of |the |small |and |large |bowel
NOT |associated |with |serious |medical |conditions, |IBD, |CA
Inflammatory |bowel |disorder |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-chronic |immunologic |disease |that |manifests |in |
intestinal |inflammation
Ulcerative |colitis
crohn's |disease
Two |common |inflammatory |bowel |diseases |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Ulcerative |colitis-mucosal |surface
|of |the |colon |is |inflamed |and |ultimately |results |in |frability, |erosions, |and |bleeding--most |common |in |
recto-sigmoid |colon. |Can |involve |entire |colon, |pain |in |RLQ
Crohns |disease-inflammation |extends |deeper |into |the |intestional |wall |and |can |involve |all |or |any |layer |
of |the |bowel |wall |and |any |portion |of |the |GI |tract |from |the |mouth |to |the |anus--skipped |lesions, |pain |
in |LLQ
Diverticulitis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Symptoms: |LLQ |pain/tenderness, |fever, |N/V/D
Need |imagining |especially |if |perforation |or |peritonitis |is |suspected--free |air=perforation; |patient |may |
have |ileus, |small |or |large |bowel |obstruction
Can |use |plain |x-ray
CT |or |Barium |enema |are |preferred
CT |with |contrast |is |more |sensitive |and |accurate
,Identify |the |significance |of |Barrett's |esophagus |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-After |repeated |exposure |to |
gastric |contents, |inflammation |of |the |esophageal |mucosa |becomes |chronic
Blood |flow |increases, |erosion |occurs
As |erosion |heals, |normal |squamous |epithelium |replaced |with |metaplastic |columnar |epithelium |
containing |goblet |and |columnar |cells. |
More |resistant |to |acid |and |supports |esophageal |healing
Premalignant |tissue
40-fold |frisk |for |developing |esophageal |adenocarcinma
Fibrosis |and |scarring |during |healing |of |erosions; |leads |to |strictures
Diagnosis |of |GERD |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-made |on |history |alone: |sensitivity |of |80% |
if |symptoms |are |unclear/patient |does |not |respond |to |4 |weeks |of |empiric |tx |
made |by |ambulatory |esophageal |pH |monitoring
pH |<4 |above |the |lower |esophageal |sphincter |correlates |with |symptoms |= |GERD |
EDG |with |biopsy-Barrett's |esohagus
Normal |results |in |50% |of |symptomatic |patients
Risks |of |GERD |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Obesity
Increase |after |age |50
Equal |across |gender, |ethnic, |and |cultural |groups
Treatments |of |GERD |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Small |frequent |meals-main |meal |in |midday
Avoid |trigger |foods
No |bedtime |snacks: |no |eating |<4 |hours |prior |to |bed
Eliminate |caffeine, |stop |smoking, |avoid |tight |fitting |clothing, |sleep |with |head |of |the |bed |elevated.
Medications |for |GERD |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-antacids |or |OTC |H2 |(Tagamet, |zantac, |axid)
Rx-strength |H2 |(ranitidine |150mg |BID, |famotidine |20mg |BID) |or |PPI |(pantoprazole |40mg |daily, |
omeprazole |20mg |daily)
, PPI |(Omeprazole |40mg |daily)
Surgery |(fundoplication)
Differential |diagnosis |of |acute |abd |pain |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Acute |appendicitis
Acute |pancreatitis
Acute |cholecystitis
Acute |appendicitis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Inflammation |of |the |vermiform |appendix; |due |to |
obstruction |or |infection
| Most |common |surgical |emergency |of |the |abdomen
| Hollow |tube |- |most |common |cause |is |obstruction |of |appendix
| Fecaltih |- |hard |lump |of |fecal |matter
| Undigested |seeds
| Pinworm |infections
| Lymphoid |follicle |growth/lymphoid |hyperplasia |Symptoms
4. |Symptoms
| Nausea/vomiting
| RLQ |pain
| Guarding
Acute |pancreatitis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Sudden |inflammation |and |hemorrhaging |of |the |pancreas |
due |to |destruction |by |its |own |digestive |enzymes
1. |Autodigestion
| Most |of |the |time |mild, |but |can |be |severe
| Pancreas |
| Long |skinny |gland, |length |of |dollar |bill
| Located |in |upper |abdomen
| Behind |the |stomach
| Endocrine
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND DETAILED
ANSWERS-ALREADY GRADED A+
Assessing |for |prior |antibiotic |use |is |a |critical |part |of |the |history |in |patients |with |presenting |with |
_______________ |due |to_________________ |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Diarrhea/CDiff
Irritable |bowel |syndrome |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-disorder |of |the |bowel |function |not |from |anatomic |
abnormality--constipation, |diarrhea, |bloating, |urgency |w/diarrhea
+s/s--result |from |disordered |sensations |or |abnormal |function |of |the |small |and |large |bowel
NOT |associated |with |serious |medical |conditions, |IBD, |CA
Inflammatory |bowel |disorder |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-chronic |immunologic |disease |that |manifests |in |
intestinal |inflammation
Ulcerative |colitis
crohn's |disease
Two |common |inflammatory |bowel |diseases |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Ulcerative |colitis-mucosal |surface
|of |the |colon |is |inflamed |and |ultimately |results |in |frability, |erosions, |and |bleeding--most |common |in |
recto-sigmoid |colon. |Can |involve |entire |colon, |pain |in |RLQ
Crohns |disease-inflammation |extends |deeper |into |the |intestional |wall |and |can |involve |all |or |any |layer |
of |the |bowel |wall |and |any |portion |of |the |GI |tract |from |the |mouth |to |the |anus--skipped |lesions, |pain |
in |LLQ
Diverticulitis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Symptoms: |LLQ |pain/tenderness, |fever, |N/V/D
Need |imagining |especially |if |perforation |or |peritonitis |is |suspected--free |air=perforation; |patient |may |
have |ileus, |small |or |large |bowel |obstruction
Can |use |plain |x-ray
CT |or |Barium |enema |are |preferred
CT |with |contrast |is |more |sensitive |and |accurate
,Identify |the |significance |of |Barrett's |esophagus |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-After |repeated |exposure |to |
gastric |contents, |inflammation |of |the |esophageal |mucosa |becomes |chronic
Blood |flow |increases, |erosion |occurs
As |erosion |heals, |normal |squamous |epithelium |replaced |with |metaplastic |columnar |epithelium |
containing |goblet |and |columnar |cells. |
More |resistant |to |acid |and |supports |esophageal |healing
Premalignant |tissue
40-fold |frisk |for |developing |esophageal |adenocarcinma
Fibrosis |and |scarring |during |healing |of |erosions; |leads |to |strictures
Diagnosis |of |GERD |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-made |on |history |alone: |sensitivity |of |80% |
if |symptoms |are |unclear/patient |does |not |respond |to |4 |weeks |of |empiric |tx |
made |by |ambulatory |esophageal |pH |monitoring
pH |<4 |above |the |lower |esophageal |sphincter |correlates |with |symptoms |= |GERD |
EDG |with |biopsy-Barrett's |esohagus
Normal |results |in |50% |of |symptomatic |patients
Risks |of |GERD |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Obesity
Increase |after |age |50
Equal |across |gender, |ethnic, |and |cultural |groups
Treatments |of |GERD |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Small |frequent |meals-main |meal |in |midday
Avoid |trigger |foods
No |bedtime |snacks: |no |eating |<4 |hours |prior |to |bed
Eliminate |caffeine, |stop |smoking, |avoid |tight |fitting |clothing, |sleep |with |head |of |the |bed |elevated.
Medications |for |GERD |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-antacids |or |OTC |H2 |(Tagamet, |zantac, |axid)
Rx-strength |H2 |(ranitidine |150mg |BID, |famotidine |20mg |BID) |or |PPI |(pantoprazole |40mg |daily, |
omeprazole |20mg |daily)
, PPI |(Omeprazole |40mg |daily)
Surgery |(fundoplication)
Differential |diagnosis |of |acute |abd |pain |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Acute |appendicitis
Acute |pancreatitis
Acute |cholecystitis
Acute |appendicitis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Inflammation |of |the |vermiform |appendix; |due |to |
obstruction |or |infection
| Most |common |surgical |emergency |of |the |abdomen
| Hollow |tube |- |most |common |cause |is |obstruction |of |appendix
| Fecaltih |- |hard |lump |of |fecal |matter
| Undigested |seeds
| Pinworm |infections
| Lymphoid |follicle |growth/lymphoid |hyperplasia |Symptoms
4. |Symptoms
| Nausea/vomiting
| RLQ |pain
| Guarding
Acute |pancreatitis |- |VERIFIED |ANSWER✔✔-Sudden |inflammation |and |hemorrhaging |of |the |pancreas |
due |to |destruction |by |its |own |digestive |enzymes
1. |Autodigestion
| Most |of |the |time |mild, |but |can |be |severe
| Pancreas |
| Long |skinny |gland, |length |of |dollar |bill
| Located |in |upper |abdomen
| Behind |the |stomach
| Endocrine
