NYSTCE Visual Arts 167: Artistic Processes & Materials, NYSTCE Visual Art 167, NYSTCE Visual Arts 167: Artistic Processes & Materials Bundle

first was created on cave walls as early as 10,000 B.C. -by Egyptians starting in 3,000 B.C. -originally used to express ideas and scenes in cave paintings -In the Middle Ages, drawings were mainly completed on animal skins, wood, wax, or slate Origins of drawing -became more widely used due to availability of paper -artists would learn to draw before painting or sculpting -used to study and record nature and anatomy -artists used pen and ink, as well as black and red charcoal Drawing in the Renaissance Era an early drawing material made from slowly burned wood. Charcoal was used for cave drawings, when burnt sticks were rubbed on cave walls Charcoal -made from iron oxide pigment and refined clay -popular in the 16th and 17th centuries, and Leonardo da Vinci used it for many sketches Red chalk -carbonaceous shale, and it is softer than red chalk -used in 15th-century Italy for underdrawings for ink or metal point artwork -Albrecht Dürer and Anthony van Dyck used black chalk for portraits Black chalk -calcium carbonate or soapstone -used for highlights on drawings White chalk -developed in the early 1800s -made in red, black, and white -harder than chalk and produce smoother lines Conté crayons -liquid pigment that can be used with a pen or a brush -commonly used for writing Ink -first made with bird feathers (quills) and reeds, and later they were created with metal tips Pens -made from graphite encased in wood -available in a range of hardnesses, from 10H to 10B -10B pencil has the softest lead, and it will wear down quickly, leaving the darkest mark on the paper -in the middle are F and HB, which are a medium hardness and darkness Pencils stick with a padded head used to rest and support your hand to keep it steady while drawing or painting Mahlstick can be manipulated and rolled into smaller sizes to erase small areas, and it will not leave eraser crumbs behind Kneaded rubber eraser -yellowish and will crumble quickly -best for larger areas Gum eraser -firmer and more precise, but it will still leave crumbs on the paper Pink eraser -commonly used drawing surface used in the Middle Ages -animal skin Parchment