microbiology final
straighterline, Straighterline
Micro 250 final prep ACTUAL
EXAM Q&A/ ALREADY
GRADED A+/ 2025
phylogeny - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called
______.
Last Universal Common Ancestor - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes,
archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______.
always harmful to their host - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Organisms called parasites are ______.
Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which of the
following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow?
Electrons - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______.
respiratory disease - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
saturated - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-
bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
lipid - Correct Answer ✔✔ - One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is
called the Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer
membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect?
95X - Correct Answer ✔✔ - If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X,
what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?
,cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns - Correct Answer ✔✔ - NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying
fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is
good evidence for the presence of bacterial cells?
electron - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest
magnification?
a solid medium - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to
nutrient broth that is then boiled and cooled?
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease - Correct Answer ✔✔ - a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
amphitrichous - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______.
saprobe - Correct Answer ✔✔ - In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton
consumes the keratin protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does
not apply to Trichophyton?
gram-negative - Correct Answer ✔✔ - During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the
decolorization of ______ cells.
80s - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______
Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are
between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through. - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Sterilizing filters have a
pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true?
icosahedral - Correct Answer ✔✔ - One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12
evenly spaced corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid.
fecal oral - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through
lysogeny - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
envelope - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
palisade - Correct Answer ✔✔ - When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this
cellular arrangement is termed a ______.
histones - Correct Answer ✔✔ - proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
tropisms - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
lophotrichous - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging
from a single site is ______.
mutualistic - Correct Answer ✔✔ - E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K
that the body uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship.
,mutualistic - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in
their gut to synthesize the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the
end products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship.
lag phase - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated
cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the
______.
hypotonic - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______
conditions.
photoheterotroph - Correct Answer ✔✔ - This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it
can use organic compounds as an energy source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The
appropriate classification for this organism would be ______.
thermoduric microbe - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A microorganism that has an optimum growth
temperature of 37°C, but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n) ______.
Noncompetitive inhibition - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive
site
catalysts for RNA splicing - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Ribozymes are ______.
coenzymes - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Most electron carriers are ______.
2 - Correct Answer ✔✔ - what is the usual net production of ATP?
aerobic cellular respiration - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Exergonic reactions occur during
one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Each nucleotide is
composed of
deletion and insertion - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations.
genomics refers to the study of an organism's entire genome, whereas proteomics is the study of
expressed proteins - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The fields of genomics and proteomics differ in that
eukaryotes - Correct Answer ✔✔ - endosymbiotic theory
adenine-thymine - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Replication of DNA begins at a/an _______ rich area.
capsid - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.
hyphae - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called ______.
the electron transport system - Correct Answer ✔✔ - in which stage of aerobic respiration is water
produced?
, generalized transduction - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A bacteriophage transfers a random fragment of DNA
of the previous host to the current host. This is an example of
capsule - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?
DNA ligase - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging
strand by _______.
taxonomy - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification,
and naming of organisms?
trace elements - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Microorganisms require small quantities of ______ for enzyme
function and maintenance of protein structure.
host glycoproteins - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Viruses attach to their hosts via ______.
bright-field - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which type of microscope shows cells against a white background?
photosystems - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The light-harvesting units in the thylakoid membranes are the
______.
viroids - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called ______.
The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The
process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours. What is most likely to
result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process
started?
obligate anaerobe - Correct Answer ✔✔ - An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is
a(n) ______.
saturated - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-
bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
mycobacterium - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is
______.
macronutrients - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Microorganisms require large quantities of ______ for use in cell
structure and metabolism.
animals - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Starch is the primary storage food for all of the following except ______.
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contain unique, waxy lipids - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Mycobacterium and Nocardia are different from most
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gram-positive bacteria in that their cell walls
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only one identified species of microorganism - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A pure culture contains
ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik
straighterline, Straighterline
Micro 250 final prep ACTUAL
EXAM Q&A/ ALREADY
GRADED A+/ 2025
phylogeny - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called
______.
Last Universal Common Ancestor - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes,
archaea, and bacteria, all derived from ______.
always harmful to their host - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Organisms called parasites are ______.
Thermal hot springs warmed by heat from earth's interior - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which of the
following does not indicate microbe involvement in energy and nutrient flow?
Electrons - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The subatomic particles that surround the nucleus are the ______.
respiratory disease - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The number one worldwide infectious diseases are ______.
saturated - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-
bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
lipid - Correct Answer ✔✔ - One technique for staining bacteria for viewing under the microscope is
called the Gram stain. In this technique, alcohol is used as a decolorizer because it degrades the outer
membrane found in some bacteria. What chemical component of the cell does alcohol affect?
95X - Correct Answer ✔✔ - If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X,
what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?
,cell size of 0.5 to 2 microns - Correct Answer ✔✔ - NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying
fossil bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a search for evidence of life. Which of the following is
good evidence for the presence of bacterial cells?
electron - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest
magnification?
a solid medium - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to
nutrient broth that is then boiled and cooled?
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease - Correct Answer ✔✔ - a spongiform encephalopathy of humans
amphitrichous - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The term that refers to flagella at both poles of the cell is ______.
saprobe - Correct Answer ✔✔ - In the condition called athlete's foot, the fungus Trichophyton
consumes the keratin protein found in hair, nails, and dead skin. Which of the following descriptors does
not apply to Trichophyton?
gram-negative - Correct Answer ✔✔ - During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the
decolorization of ______ cells.
80s - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The size of a eukaryotic ribosome is ______
Bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 μm and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are
between 20 and 200 nm and therefore pass through. - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Sterilizing filters have a
pore size of 0.22 μm. Which of the following statements is true?
icosahedral - Correct Answer ✔✔ - One of the principal viral capsid shapes is a 20-sided figure with 12
evenly spaced corners referred to as a/an _____ capsid.
fecal oral - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through
lysogeny - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the viral genome inserting into bacterial host chromosome
envelope - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which of the following is not associated with every virus?
palisade - Correct Answer ✔✔ - When bacilli in a chain fold back upon each other like a hinge, this
cellular arrangement is termed a ______.
histones - Correct Answer ✔✔ - proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus.
tropisms - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Viral tissue specificities are called ______.
lophotrichous - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging
from a single site is ______.
mutualistic - Correct Answer ✔✔ - E. coli bacteria normally live in the human gut and produce vitamin K
that the body uses. This is best termed a ______ relationship.
,mutualistic - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Termites are insects that require the protozoan Trichonympha in
their gut to synthesize the enzyme cellulase to degrade the cellulose in wood. The protozoan uses the
end products of the cellulose breakdown (glucose). This is a(n) ______ relationship.
lag phase - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated
cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the
______.
hypotonic - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The cell wall will help prevent the cell from bursting in ______
conditions.
photoheterotroph - Correct Answer ✔✔ - This microbe is photosynthetic, but in the absence of light it
can use organic compounds as an energy source. Its carbon source is an organic compound. The
appropriate classification for this organism would be ______.
thermoduric microbe - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A microorganism that has an optimum growth
temperature of 37°C, but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called a(n) ______.
Noncompetitive inhibition - Correct Answer ✔✔ - the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive
site
catalysts for RNA splicing - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Ribozymes are ______.
coenzymes - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Most electron carriers are ______.
2 - Correct Answer ✔✔ - what is the usual net production of ATP?
aerobic cellular respiration - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Exergonic reactions occur during
one phosphate, one nitrogenous base, and one sugar - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Each nucleotide is
composed of
deletion and insertion - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A frameshift is caused by ______ mutations.
genomics refers to the study of an organism's entire genome, whereas proteomics is the study of
expressed proteins - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The fields of genomics and proteomics differ in that
eukaryotes - Correct Answer ✔✔ - endosymbiotic theory
adenine-thymine - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Replication of DNA begins at a/an _______ rich area.
capsid - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A/an _____ is the protein shell around the nucleic acid core of a virus.
hyphae - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called ______.
the electron transport system - Correct Answer ✔✔ - in which stage of aerobic respiration is water
produced?
, generalized transduction - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A bacteriophage transfers a random fragment of DNA
of the previous host to the current host. This is an example of
capsule - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which external structure protects bacteria from phagocytosis?
DNA ligase - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging
strand by _______.
taxonomy - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification,
and naming of organisms?
trace elements - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Microorganisms require small quantities of ______ for enzyme
function and maintenance of protein structure.
host glycoproteins - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Viruses attach to their hosts via ______.
bright-field - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Which type of microscope shows cells against a white background?
photosystems - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The light-harvesting units in the thylakoid membranes are the
______.
viroids - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Infectious naked strands of RNA that affect plants are called ______.
The endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant - Correct Answer ✔✔ - The
process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours. What is most likely to
result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100°C about 2 hours after the process
started?
obligate anaerobe - Correct Answer ✔✔ - An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is
a(n) ______.
saturated - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A fat is called _____ if all carbons of the fatty acid chain are single-
bonded to 2 other carbons and 2 hydrogens.
mycobacterium - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is
______.
macronutrients - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Microorganisms require large quantities of ______ for use in cell
structure and metabolism.
animals - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Starch is the primary storage food for all of the following except ______.
ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik
contain unique, waxy lipids - Correct Answer ✔✔ - Mycobacterium and Nocardia are different from most
ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik
gram-positive bacteria in that their cell walls
ik ik ik ik ik ik ik
only one identified species of microorganism - Correct Answer ✔✔ - A pure culture contains
ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik ik
