PSIO 305 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
To study factors that affect determination of the ectoderm, which of the following could
vou do to get a decrease in volume of neural tissue in the developing animal
-Decrease the release of noggin
-Increase the release of nerve growth factor
-Decrease the release of bone morphogenic proteins
-Increase the release of chordin - Answers :Decrease the release of noggin
Which of the following is a special piece of the mesoderm that releases neural
inducers?
-Spemann organizer
-Bone morphogenic organizer
-Neural organizer
-Differentiation organizer - Answers :Spemann organizer
Bone morphogenic proteins activate which pathway?
-Smad pathway
-Protein kinase A pathway
-Calcium-calmodulin pathway
-Neural induction pathway - Answers :Smad pathway
The germ layer that ultimately gives rise to skeletal muscle tissue is the:
-Mesoderm
-Endoderm
-Ectoderm - Answers :Mesoderm
Myogenic regulatory factors include all of the following EXCEPT:
-Hepatocyte growth factor
-Myogenic determining factor
-Myogenic factor 5
-Myogenic regulatory factor - Answers :Hepatocyte growth factor
Which is the correct order for the development of muscle tissue? - Answers
:Determination, proliferation, differentiation, maturation
What type of cells sit outside the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber but below the basement
membrane of the muscle fiber and retain their ability to divide?
-Satellite cells
-Myoblasts
-Myotubes
-Myostatin cells - Answers :Satellite cells
, The experiment that crossed the nerve from a muscle that had a short contraction time
"a fast muscle" to a muscle with a slower contraction profile and from the slower muscle
to the faster muscle demonstrated that the nerve or activity of the muscle had no effect
on properties of the muscle fibers.
True or false? - Answers :False
Which skeletal muscle fiber type requires continuous neural input or activation to retain
its fiber type properties? - Answers :Slow twitch fibers
The primary motor cortex is part of which lobe of the brain?
-Temporal
-Occipital
-Frontal
-Parietal - Answers :Frontal
Single neurons typically receive thousands of synaptic inputs which are resolved by
________________ summation.
-Nodes of Ranvier
-Temporal
-Spatial & temporal
-Temporal process
-Spatial - Answers :Spatial & temporal
Temporal summation of excitatory inputs onto a neuron (we will refer to that neuron as
Neuron A) refers to the... (Check all the following that can correctly complete this
sentence):
-additive effect of simultaneous inputs from multiple neurons on to Neuron A
-ability of sequential inputs from one neuron to increase ion flux and voltage change in
Neuron A
-increased likelihood of Neuron A reaching threshold and firing an action potential
-process of coordinating the timing of a movement - Answers :-ability of sequential
inputs from one neuron to increase ion flux and voltage change in Neuron A
-increased likelihood of Neuron A reaching threshold and firing an action potential
The effect of Neuron A on Neuron B is determined by all of the following EXCEPT?
-Type of Neurotransmitter released by Neuron A
-Number of inputs coming in rapid sequence from Neuron A
-Length of Neuron A's axon
-Type of post-synaptic receptors on Neuron B - Answers :Length of neuron A's axon
Imagine you are walking and encounter an unexpected change in ground elevation and
you begin to stumble. In order to recover your balance, what components of the nervous
systems would be most significantly involved?
-Primary motor cortex and corticospinal tracts
-Cerebellum and vestibulospinal tracts
-Cerebrum and corticospinal tracts
To study factors that affect determination of the ectoderm, which of the following could
vou do to get a decrease in volume of neural tissue in the developing animal
-Decrease the release of noggin
-Increase the release of nerve growth factor
-Decrease the release of bone morphogenic proteins
-Increase the release of chordin - Answers :Decrease the release of noggin
Which of the following is a special piece of the mesoderm that releases neural
inducers?
-Spemann organizer
-Bone morphogenic organizer
-Neural organizer
-Differentiation organizer - Answers :Spemann organizer
Bone morphogenic proteins activate which pathway?
-Smad pathway
-Protein kinase A pathway
-Calcium-calmodulin pathway
-Neural induction pathway - Answers :Smad pathway
The germ layer that ultimately gives rise to skeletal muscle tissue is the:
-Mesoderm
-Endoderm
-Ectoderm - Answers :Mesoderm
Myogenic regulatory factors include all of the following EXCEPT:
-Hepatocyte growth factor
-Myogenic determining factor
-Myogenic factor 5
-Myogenic regulatory factor - Answers :Hepatocyte growth factor
Which is the correct order for the development of muscle tissue? - Answers
:Determination, proliferation, differentiation, maturation
What type of cells sit outside the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber but below the basement
membrane of the muscle fiber and retain their ability to divide?
-Satellite cells
-Myoblasts
-Myotubes
-Myostatin cells - Answers :Satellite cells
, The experiment that crossed the nerve from a muscle that had a short contraction time
"a fast muscle" to a muscle with a slower contraction profile and from the slower muscle
to the faster muscle demonstrated that the nerve or activity of the muscle had no effect
on properties of the muscle fibers.
True or false? - Answers :False
Which skeletal muscle fiber type requires continuous neural input or activation to retain
its fiber type properties? - Answers :Slow twitch fibers
The primary motor cortex is part of which lobe of the brain?
-Temporal
-Occipital
-Frontal
-Parietal - Answers :Frontal
Single neurons typically receive thousands of synaptic inputs which are resolved by
________________ summation.
-Nodes of Ranvier
-Temporal
-Spatial & temporal
-Temporal process
-Spatial - Answers :Spatial & temporal
Temporal summation of excitatory inputs onto a neuron (we will refer to that neuron as
Neuron A) refers to the... (Check all the following that can correctly complete this
sentence):
-additive effect of simultaneous inputs from multiple neurons on to Neuron A
-ability of sequential inputs from one neuron to increase ion flux and voltage change in
Neuron A
-increased likelihood of Neuron A reaching threshold and firing an action potential
-process of coordinating the timing of a movement - Answers :-ability of sequential
inputs from one neuron to increase ion flux and voltage change in Neuron A
-increased likelihood of Neuron A reaching threshold and firing an action potential
The effect of Neuron A on Neuron B is determined by all of the following EXCEPT?
-Type of Neurotransmitter released by Neuron A
-Number of inputs coming in rapid sequence from Neuron A
-Length of Neuron A's axon
-Type of post-synaptic receptors on Neuron B - Answers :Length of neuron A's axon
Imagine you are walking and encounter an unexpected change in ground elevation and
you begin to stumble. In order to recover your balance, what components of the nervous
systems would be most significantly involved?
-Primary motor cortex and corticospinal tracts
-Cerebellum and vestibulospinal tracts
-Cerebrum and corticospinal tracts
