ZOO 3603C - EXAM 4 PRACTICE VERIFIED LATEST QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT SOLUTIONS| THE NEWEST EDITION. UPDATED 2025.

ZOO 3603C - EXAM 4 PRACTICE VERIFIED
LATEST QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
SOLUTIONS| THE NEWEST EDITION.
UPDATED 2025.
Evo of Regeneration: what is the theory that involves a regeneration-specific gene?
->> CORRECT->>gain of regenerative ability hypothesis

Evo of Regeneration: what is the theory involving regeneration and cancer? -
->> CORRECT->>regeneration is a trade off against cancer. Tumor
suppressor genes induced during regeneration to allow proliferation, so
stopping them will stop cancer

Evo of Regeneration: what are urodeles? - ->> CORRECT->>excellent
regenerators extremely low narwal incidence of tumors

Evo of Regeneration: what are anurans? - ->> CORRECT->>worse regenerators,
higher incidence of tumors

Evo of Regeneration: what are mammals? - ->> CORRECT->>poor regenerators,
high incidence of tumors

Evo of Regeneration: what are the two main types of regeneration? - ->>
CORRECT->>1) physiological regeneration
2) reparative regeneration

Evo of Regeneration: what are the types of reparative regeneration? - ->>
CORRECT->> compensatory hypertrophy
morphallaxis
epimorphic regeneration

Evo of Regeneration: what is a physiological regeneration? - ->> CORRECT-
>>all animals do this
replace epidermis from basal cells, replace gut lining, grow hair, grow feathers

,Evo of Regeneration: what is compensatory hypertrophy? - ->> CORRECT->>liver
and lungs.
cut out lobes, lobe will expand to take on metabolic demands of the missing lobe.

Evo of Regeneration: what is morphallaxis? - ->> CORRECT->>hydra
regeneration without proliferation
the new complete organism is the same size as the cut piece - still occurs in the
presence of cell division inhibitors

Evo of Regeneration: what is epimorphic regeneration? - ->> CORRECT-
>>regeneration with proliferation
e.g. salamander limb regeneration, lizard tail regeneration

Hyrda: what are hydra known as? - ->> CORRECT->>the classical morphallactic
system

Hyrda: how many germ layers do hyrdra have? - ->> CORRECT->>hydra is a
cnidarian with only two germ layers
-ectoderm and endoderm

Hyrda: what is the ECM in hydra? - ->> CORRECT->>the layer between the
ectoderm and endoderm = ECM = MESOGLEA

Hyrda: what are the stem cells of hydra called? - ->> CORRECT->>interstitial cells

Hyrda: what makes hydra have morphallaxis regeneration? - ->> CORRECT->>the
new organism is the same size as the cut piece - still occurs in the presence of cell
division inhibitors
-cells can TRANSDIFFERENTIATE

Evo of Regeneration: what do we mean by regeneration at the molecular level? -
->> CORRECT->>constant biochemical turnover, so at this level everything
regenerates

, Evo of Regeneration: what do we mean by regeneration at the cellular level? -
->> CORRECT->>cells are perfect regenerators, constantly replacing
cytoplasm.
Constantly replacing red blood cells.

Evo of Regeneration: why types of tissues can be regenerated? - ->> CORRECT-
>> vasculature
skeletal muscle
flexible lungs
liver

Evo of Regeneration: what type of regeneration does the liver experience? -
->> CORRECT->>compensatory hypertrophy

Evo of Regeneration: what is compensatory hypertrophy with the liver? - ->>
CORRECT->>If you cut away part of the liver, the rest of the liver expands to
make up for it

Evo of Regeneration: Example of regeneration in crabs - ->> CORRECT->>crabs
can regenerate legs. If you pull the big claw off, the small claw will become big
and it will regenerate a small claw

Evo of Regeneration: what is the major regeneration we are referring too? -
->> CORRECT->>generally referring to an appendage regenerating

Evo of Regeneration: what are the main ideas of how regeneration has been
maintained? - ->> CORRECT->>1) direct selection - adaptive hypothesis
2) pleiotrophy hypothesis
3) phylogenetic inertia hypothesis
4) selection against regeneration
5) regeneration-specific gene
6) regeneration and cancer

Evo of Regeneration: what is the direct selection/adaptive hypothesis? -
>> CORRECT->>the structure should be frequently lost in the field