NREMT Crash Course
White Paper -
♠︎🆀 : In 1966, a paper titled "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of
Modern Society" is published by the National Academy of Sciences. This paper, commonly referred
to as ________ __________ is considered the birth of modern EMS
American Heart Association -
♠︎🆀 : In the 1980s, the ______ ______ ________ increases the emphasis on cardiovascular
disease prevention, science, and education. Additional levels of training are added to the existing
curriculum and despite advances, the scope of practice for various levels lacks unity.
U.S. Department of Transportation -
♠︎🆀 : In the 70s, this federal agency developed the first EMT National Standard
Curriculum including textbooks and paramedic NSC
National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians; National Highway Transportation Safety
Administration -
♠︎🆀 : In the 1990s, the _____ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ advocates for the creation of a
national training curriculum and the _______ ___ ____ ___ ___ begins work on the EMS Agenda
for the Future
National EMS Education Standards (NEMSES) -
♠︎🆀 : In the 2000s, the NHTSA identifies universal knowledge and skills for EMS
professionals through the new _________ ________ ______ __________. This new curriculum
replaces the National Standard Curricula created by USDOT.
EMR -
♠︎🆀 : CPR, AED, Oral airways, airway obstruction, manual airway techniques, BVM
ventilation, oxygen therapy, airway suctioning, manual BP, auto injector, bleeding control, assisted
childbirth
EMT -
♠︎🆀 : EMR skills + humidified oxygen, venturi mask, automated transport ventilators,
nasal airways, pulse oximetry, auto BP, assisted medications, spinal immobilization, splinting,
tourniquet, MAST/PASG, mechanical CPR, assisted complicated childbirth
AEMT -
♠︎🆀 : EMT skills + multilumen airways, blood glucose monitoring, IV/IO insertion,
medication administration
Paramedic -
♠︎🆀 : AEMT skills + BiPap/CPAP, needle decompression, percutaneous cricothyrotomy,
ETCO2/capnography, NG/OG tube, intubation, direct laryngoscopy, PEEP, ECG interpretation,
manual defibrillation/cardioversion, transcutaneous external pacing, extensive medication
administration, thrombolytic therapy
Scene safety -
1
, ♠︎🆀 : What is an EMT's first priority ALWAYS?
Acute stress -
♠︎🆀 : an immediate physiological and psychological reaction to a specific event. The event
triggers the body's fight or flight response
Delayed stress -
♠︎🆀 : a stress reaction that develops after the stressful event. It does not interfere with the
EMT's ability to perform during the stressful event. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an
example of ________ _______
Cumulative stress -
♠︎🆀 : the result of exposure to stressful situations over a prolonged period of time. This
leads to burnout for many EMTs.
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) -
♠︎🆀 : is a formalized process to help emergency workers deal with stress
- diffusing sessions are held within 4 hours of the incident
- debriefing sessions are held 24 to 72 hours after the incident
Occupational Safety and Health Administration -
♠︎🆀 : oversees regulations concerning workplace safety, including infectious disease
precautions
Minimum PPE -
♠︎🆀 : Gloves and eye protection should be used during any patient contact situation and are
examples of...
Expanded PPE -
♠︎🆀 : The use of disposable gown and mask for significant contact with body fluids. Use a
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask or a N-95 respirator for suspected airborne disease
exposure, such as tuberculosis
not enter; emergency care -
♠︎🆀 : Unless cleared by a hazmat specialist, an EMT is expected to _____ ______ and not
begin _______ ______ until patients have been decontaminated or otherwise cleared by hazmat
crews
not enter; safe distance -
♠︎🆀 : When it comes to crime scenes, EMS providers should ____ ______ a crime scene
unless law enforcement has determined it is safe. EMS providers may be advised to respond to the
call but maintain a _____ _______ away until cleared by law enforcement. This is sometimes called
"staging for PD"
highly reflective traffic safety vest -
♠︎🆀 : In extrication situations, federal law requires EMS workers wear approved _______
______ ____ ____ ______ when working on roadways, around traffic, or at an accident scene
Power lift -
2
, ♠︎🆀 : A method of lifting where one keeps the object close to the body, using the legs to lift
and not the back (legs bent, back straight). Use a power grip with palms UP and all fingers wrapped
around the object.
Urgent move -
♠︎🆀 : the patient has a potentially life-threatening injury or illness and must be moved
quickly for evaluation and transport
includes rapid extrication
Rapid extrication -
♠︎🆀 : an urgent move used for patients in a motor vehicle; it requires multiple rescuers and
a long backboard. The patient is rotated onto a backboard with manual cervical spine precautions
and removed from the vehicle
Non-urgent moves -
♠︎🆀 : used when there are no hazards and no life-threatening conditions apparent.
includes direct ground lift, extremity lift, direct carry method, and draw sheet method
Log roll technique -
♠︎🆀 : commonly used to place a patient on a backboard or assess the posterior, can be done
while maintaining manual cervical spine precautions
should have at least 3 trained personnel
Stair-chair -
♠︎🆀 : excellent for staircases, small elevators, etc. Does not allow for manual cervical spine
protection, CPR, or artificial ventilation
Backboard -
♠︎🆀 : used primarily for cervical spine immobilization, allows for CPR and artificial
ventilation.
requires 4 people
scoop stretcher -
♠︎🆀 : allows for easy positioning with minimal patient movement. good for reducing
patient discomfort during movement
rear -
♠︎🆀 : when approaching a helicopter, never approach from the
left -
♠︎🆀 : if the patient is pregnant and needs to be on a backboard, they should be placed on
the ___ side
advance directives -
♠︎🆀 : written instructions, signed by the patient, specifying the patient's wishes regarding
treatment and resuscitative efforts
3
, includes DNRs and living wills
assault -
♠︎🆀 : a person can be guilty of ______ even if another person only perceived that they
intended to inflict harm. Physical contact is not required to be guilty of assault.
battery -
♠︎🆀 : physically touching another person without their consent
negligence -
♠︎🆀 : the most common reason EMS providers are sued civilly
includes a breech of four core values:
- duty to act: the EMT had an obligation to respond and provide care
- breech of duty: the EMT failed to assess, treat, or transport patient according to the standard of
care.
- damage: the plaintiff experienced damage or injury recognized by the legal system as worthy of
compensation
- causation (proximate cause): the injury to the plaintiff was, at least in part, directly due to the
EMT's breech of duty
gross negligence -
♠︎🆀 : exceeds simple negligence. It involves an indifference to, and violation of, a legal
responsibility.
- reckless patient care
- can result in civil or criminal charges
abandonment -
♠︎🆀 : once care is initiated, EMS providers cannot terminate care without the patient's
consent. This is the termination of care without transferring the patient to an equal or higher
medical authority
continuity of care; billing; subpoena; crimes -
♠︎🆀 : EMTs can release patient information without consent when:
1) the information is necessary for ________ ___ ______
2) the information is necessary to facilitate ______ for services
3) the EMT has received a valid __________
4) reporting possible ________, abuse, assault, neglect, certain injuries, or communicable diseases
obvious signs of death -
♠︎🆀 : decomposition, rigor mortis, dependent lividity, and decapitation are all _________
_______ ____ __________ and mean that resuscitation is not necessary
dead on arrival; suicide; assault; abuse; crime -
♠︎🆀 : Law enforcement or the medical examiner must be notified for situations including:
1) any scene where the patient is ______ ____ _______
2) _______ attempts
3) _________ or sexual __________
4
White Paper -
♠︎🆀 : In 1966, a paper titled "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of
Modern Society" is published by the National Academy of Sciences. This paper, commonly referred
to as ________ __________ is considered the birth of modern EMS
American Heart Association -
♠︎🆀 : In the 1980s, the ______ ______ ________ increases the emphasis on cardiovascular
disease prevention, science, and education. Additional levels of training are added to the existing
curriculum and despite advances, the scope of practice for various levels lacks unity.
U.S. Department of Transportation -
♠︎🆀 : In the 70s, this federal agency developed the first EMT National Standard
Curriculum including textbooks and paramedic NSC
National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians; National Highway Transportation Safety
Administration -
♠︎🆀 : In the 1990s, the _____ ____ ___ ___ ___ ___ advocates for the creation of a
national training curriculum and the _______ ___ ____ ___ ___ begins work on the EMS Agenda
for the Future
National EMS Education Standards (NEMSES) -
♠︎🆀 : In the 2000s, the NHTSA identifies universal knowledge and skills for EMS
professionals through the new _________ ________ ______ __________. This new curriculum
replaces the National Standard Curricula created by USDOT.
EMR -
♠︎🆀 : CPR, AED, Oral airways, airway obstruction, manual airway techniques, BVM
ventilation, oxygen therapy, airway suctioning, manual BP, auto injector, bleeding control, assisted
childbirth
EMT -
♠︎🆀 : EMR skills + humidified oxygen, venturi mask, automated transport ventilators,
nasal airways, pulse oximetry, auto BP, assisted medications, spinal immobilization, splinting,
tourniquet, MAST/PASG, mechanical CPR, assisted complicated childbirth
AEMT -
♠︎🆀 : EMT skills + multilumen airways, blood glucose monitoring, IV/IO insertion,
medication administration
Paramedic -
♠︎🆀 : AEMT skills + BiPap/CPAP, needle decompression, percutaneous cricothyrotomy,
ETCO2/capnography, NG/OG tube, intubation, direct laryngoscopy, PEEP, ECG interpretation,
manual defibrillation/cardioversion, transcutaneous external pacing, extensive medication
administration, thrombolytic therapy
Scene safety -
1
, ♠︎🆀 : What is an EMT's first priority ALWAYS?
Acute stress -
♠︎🆀 : an immediate physiological and psychological reaction to a specific event. The event
triggers the body's fight or flight response
Delayed stress -
♠︎🆀 : a stress reaction that develops after the stressful event. It does not interfere with the
EMT's ability to perform during the stressful event. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an
example of ________ _______
Cumulative stress -
♠︎🆀 : the result of exposure to stressful situations over a prolonged period of time. This
leads to burnout for many EMTs.
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) -
♠︎🆀 : is a formalized process to help emergency workers deal with stress
- diffusing sessions are held within 4 hours of the incident
- debriefing sessions are held 24 to 72 hours after the incident
Occupational Safety and Health Administration -
♠︎🆀 : oversees regulations concerning workplace safety, including infectious disease
precautions
Minimum PPE -
♠︎🆀 : Gloves and eye protection should be used during any patient contact situation and are
examples of...
Expanded PPE -
♠︎🆀 : The use of disposable gown and mask for significant contact with body fluids. Use a
high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask or a N-95 respirator for suspected airborne disease
exposure, such as tuberculosis
not enter; emergency care -
♠︎🆀 : Unless cleared by a hazmat specialist, an EMT is expected to _____ ______ and not
begin _______ ______ until patients have been decontaminated or otherwise cleared by hazmat
crews
not enter; safe distance -
♠︎🆀 : When it comes to crime scenes, EMS providers should ____ ______ a crime scene
unless law enforcement has determined it is safe. EMS providers may be advised to respond to the
call but maintain a _____ _______ away until cleared by law enforcement. This is sometimes called
"staging for PD"
highly reflective traffic safety vest -
♠︎🆀 : In extrication situations, federal law requires EMS workers wear approved _______
______ ____ ____ ______ when working on roadways, around traffic, or at an accident scene
Power lift -
2
, ♠︎🆀 : A method of lifting where one keeps the object close to the body, using the legs to lift
and not the back (legs bent, back straight). Use a power grip with palms UP and all fingers wrapped
around the object.
Urgent move -
♠︎🆀 : the patient has a potentially life-threatening injury or illness and must be moved
quickly for evaluation and transport
includes rapid extrication
Rapid extrication -
♠︎🆀 : an urgent move used for patients in a motor vehicle; it requires multiple rescuers and
a long backboard. The patient is rotated onto a backboard with manual cervical spine precautions
and removed from the vehicle
Non-urgent moves -
♠︎🆀 : used when there are no hazards and no life-threatening conditions apparent.
includes direct ground lift, extremity lift, direct carry method, and draw sheet method
Log roll technique -
♠︎🆀 : commonly used to place a patient on a backboard or assess the posterior, can be done
while maintaining manual cervical spine precautions
should have at least 3 trained personnel
Stair-chair -
♠︎🆀 : excellent for staircases, small elevators, etc. Does not allow for manual cervical spine
protection, CPR, or artificial ventilation
Backboard -
♠︎🆀 : used primarily for cervical spine immobilization, allows for CPR and artificial
ventilation.
requires 4 people
scoop stretcher -
♠︎🆀 : allows for easy positioning with minimal patient movement. good for reducing
patient discomfort during movement
rear -
♠︎🆀 : when approaching a helicopter, never approach from the
left -
♠︎🆀 : if the patient is pregnant and needs to be on a backboard, they should be placed on
the ___ side
advance directives -
♠︎🆀 : written instructions, signed by the patient, specifying the patient's wishes regarding
treatment and resuscitative efforts
3
, includes DNRs and living wills
assault -
♠︎🆀 : a person can be guilty of ______ even if another person only perceived that they
intended to inflict harm. Physical contact is not required to be guilty of assault.
battery -
♠︎🆀 : physically touching another person without their consent
negligence -
♠︎🆀 : the most common reason EMS providers are sued civilly
includes a breech of four core values:
- duty to act: the EMT had an obligation to respond and provide care
- breech of duty: the EMT failed to assess, treat, or transport patient according to the standard of
care.
- damage: the plaintiff experienced damage or injury recognized by the legal system as worthy of
compensation
- causation (proximate cause): the injury to the plaintiff was, at least in part, directly due to the
EMT's breech of duty
gross negligence -
♠︎🆀 : exceeds simple negligence. It involves an indifference to, and violation of, a legal
responsibility.
- reckless patient care
- can result in civil or criminal charges
abandonment -
♠︎🆀 : once care is initiated, EMS providers cannot terminate care without the patient's
consent. This is the termination of care without transferring the patient to an equal or higher
medical authority
continuity of care; billing; subpoena; crimes -
♠︎🆀 : EMTs can release patient information without consent when:
1) the information is necessary for ________ ___ ______
2) the information is necessary to facilitate ______ for services
3) the EMT has received a valid __________
4) reporting possible ________, abuse, assault, neglect, certain injuries, or communicable diseases
obvious signs of death -
♠︎🆀 : decomposition, rigor mortis, dependent lividity, and decapitation are all _________
_______ ____ __________ and mean that resuscitation is not necessary
dead on arrival; suicide; assault; abuse; crime -
♠︎🆀 : Law enforcement or the medical examiner must be notified for situations including:
1) any scene where the patient is ______ ____ _______
2) _______ attempts
3) _________ or sexual __________
4
